LessonsSifat al-Huruf — Seventeen Letter Characteristics and Their ApplicationQuiz

Opposing qualities cannot both hold for one consonant within the same pair: a single letter cannot be hams and jahr simultaneously. However, one quality from each different contrast may combine with one or more non-opposing qualities.

ص has hams, rikhawah, istiʿla, itbaq, ismat, and safir.
ر has jahr, tawassut, istifal, infitah, idhlaq, inhiraf, and takrir.
ض has jahr, rikhawah, istiʿla, itbaq, ismat, and istitalah.

A letter is therefore not adequately identified by a single feature. Its complete pronunciation depends on its makhraj together with all its applicable inherent qualities.

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Principle 1 — multiple qualities in one letter

Sifat al-Huruf — Seventeen Letter Characteristics and Their Application

Opposing qualities cannot both hold for one consonant within the same pair: a single letter cannot be hams and jahr simultaneously. However, one quality from each different contrast may combine with one or more non-opposing qualities.

ص has hams, rikhawah, istiʿla, itbaq, ismat, and safir.
ر has jahr, tawassut, istifal, infitah, idhlaq, inhiraf, and takrir.
ض has jahr, rikhawah, istiʿla, itbaq, ismat, and istitalah.

A letter is therefore not adequately identified by a single feature. Its complete pronunciation depends on its makhraj together with all its applicable inherent qualities.