Surah ‘Abasa — Part 2

1. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 10

فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّىٰ
Sentence structure
This is the response to the second side. أَنتَ is the subject, تَلَهَّىٰ its verbal predicate, and عَنْهُ is linked to the verb.

Ayah summary
Yet at that moment, attention was turned away from him.

فَأَنتَ — But you
Grammar: فَ marks the answer to أَمَّا. أَنتَ is a detached pronoun functioning as the subject of the nominal sentence.

عَنْهُ — from him
Grammar: عَنْ is a preposition functioning as the linked complement. Attached هُ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

تَلَهَّىٰ — (are) distracted
Grammar: A form V, second-person masculine singular imperfect verb in the indicative mood; its original form is تَتَلَهَّىٰ, with one initial tāʾ omitted, and its understood subject is أَنتَ.

2. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 11

كَلَّآ إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ
Sentence structure
كَلَّآ is a deterrent particle. In the emphatic nominal clause, the attached pronoun is the subject of إِنَّ and تَذْكِرَةٌ its predicate.

Ayah summary
The Quran is a universal reminder and does not depend on the acceptance of the arrogant.

كَلَّآ — Nay
Grammar: كَلَّآ is a deterrent particle.

إِنَّهَا — Indeed, it
Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative and emphatic particle. Attached هَا is its noun.

تَذْكِرَةٌۭ — (is) a reminder
Grammar: nominative noun functioning as the predicate of inna.

3. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 12

فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
مَن introduces a condition, شَآءَ is its verb, and ذَكَرَهُۥ is the answer; its attached pronoun is the object.

Ayah summary
Whoever seeks benefit may take heed of this reminder.

فَمَن — So whosoever
Grammar: فَ is a resumption particle. مَن is a conditional pronoun.

شَآءَ — wills
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the condition clause.

ذَكَرَهُۥ — may remember it
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the answer to the condition. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

4. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 13

فِى صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ
Sentence structure
The prepositional phrase فِى صُحُفٍ continues the description of the reminder, while recognized analyses differ over its exact attachment. مُّكَرَّمَةٍ is a genitive adjective of صُحُفٍ.

Ayah summary
This reminder is recorded in honoured scriptures.

فِى — In
Grammar: فِى is a preposition functioning as the linked complement.

صُحُفٍۢ — sheets
Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.

مُّكَرَّمَةٍۢ — honored
Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.

5. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 14

مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍۭ
Sentence structure
Both words are further genitive passive-participle adjectives of صُحُفٍ, showing feminine-singular agreement with a non-human broken plural.

Ayah summary
Those scriptures are exalted and purified.

مَّرْفُوعَةٍۢ — Exalted
Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.

مُّطَهَّرَةٍۭ — purified
Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.

6. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 15

بِأَيْدِى سَفَرَةٍ
Sentence structure
بِأَيْدِى is a prepositional phrase continuing the description of صُحُفٍ, and سَفَرَةٍ is the genitive complement of أَيْدِى.

Ayah summary
They are in the hands of honoured scribes.

بِأَيْدِى — In (the) hands
Grammar: بِ is a preposition; أَيْدِى is its genitive noun and is also mudāf to سَفَرَةٍ.

سَفَرَةٍۢ — (of) scribes
Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.

7. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 16

كِرَامٍۭ بَرَرَةٍ
Sentence structure
Both words are genitive adjectives describing the scribes mentioned in the preceding ayah.

Ayah summary
Those scribes are noble and righteous.

كِرَامٍۭ — Noble
Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.

بَرَرَةٍۢ — dutiful
Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.

8. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 17

قُتِلَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَآ أَكْفَرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
The passive verb قُتِلَ has ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ as its passive subject. One recognized analysis treats مَآ أَكْفَرَهُۥ as an exclamatory construction; an interrogative analysis is also recognized.

Ayah summary
The ungrateful human being deserves severe reproach for failing to value Allah’s great favour.

قُتِلَ — Is destroyed
Grammar: third-person masculine singular passive perfect verb.

ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — [the] man
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the passive subject.

مَآ — how
Grammar: In one recognized analysis, an exclamatory indefinite complete noun serving as the subject; an interrogative analysis is also recognized.

أَكْفَرَهُۥ — ungrateful is he
Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the predicate. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

9. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 18

مِنْ أَىِّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقَهُۥ
Sentence structure
The prepositional interrogative phrase asks from what thing he was created. خَلَقَهُۥ is the verb with an understood subject and an attached object pronoun.

Ayah summary
The human being should consider from what Allah created him.

مِنْ — From
Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition functioning as the linked complement.

أَىِّ — what
Grammar: A genitive interrogative noun governed by مِنْ and serving as mudāf to شَىْءٍ.

شَىْءٍ — thing
Grammar: A genitive noun functioning as the mudāf ilayh of أَىِّ.

خَلَقَهُۥ — He created him
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.