Surah ‘Abasa — Part 3

Ayahs 19–27 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah ‘Abasa — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 19

مِن نُّطْفَةٍ خَلَقَهُۥ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ Sentence structure مِن نُّطْفَةٍ is linked to خَلَقَهُۥ. The coordinated فَقَدَّرَهُۥ shares its understood subject and takes the same object referent. Ayah summary Allah created him from a humble drop and formed him according to a measured design. مِن — From Grammar: مِن is a preposition functioning as the linked complement. نُّطْفَةٍ — a semen-drop Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement. خَلَقَهُۥ — He created him Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object. فَقَدَّرَهُۥ — then He proportioned him Grammar: فَ is a conjunction. form II third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the coordinated element. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

2. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 20

ثُمَّ ٱلسَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُۥ Sentence structure In the primary analysis, ٱلسَّبِيلَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by يَسَّرَهُۥ; this is the construction of preoccupation (ishtighāl). The stated verb has an understood subject and هُ is its object. Ayah summary Then Allah made the way easy for him. ثُمَّ — Then Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction. ٱلسَّبِيلَ — the way Grammar: In the primary analysis, an accusative object of an omitted verb explained by يَسَّرَهُۥ; this is ishtighāl. يَسَّرَهُۥ — He made easy for him Grammar: form II third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

3. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 21

ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُۥ فَأَقْبَرَهُۥ Sentence structure Two coordinated perfect verbs share the understood subject He. Their attached pronouns refer to the human being as object. Ayah summary Then Allah caused him to die and provided for him to be placed honourably in a grave. ثُمَّ — Then Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction. أَمَاتَهُۥ — He causes him to die Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object. فَأَقْبَرَهُۥ — and provides a grave for him Grammar: فَ is a conjunction. form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the coordinated element. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

4. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 22

ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنشَرَهُۥ Sentence structure إِذَا is a future, non-jussive conditional time adverb. شَآءَ occurs in its annexed clause and أَنشَرَهُۥ is the non-jussive response. Ayah summary Then, whenever Allah wills, He will raise him to life again. ثُمَّ — Then Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction. إِذَا — when Grammar: إِذَا is a time adverb. شَآءَ — He wills Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the condition clause. أَنشَرَهُۥ — He will resurrect him Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the answer to the condition. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

5. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 23

كَلَّا لَمَّا يَقْضِ مَآ أَمَرَهُۥ Sentence structure لَمَّا negates completion up to now and makes يَقْضِ jussive. Relative مَآ is its object, and أَمَرَهُۥ is the relative clause. Ayah summary The human being has not yet fully carried out what his Lord commanded him. كَلَّا — Nay Grammar: كَلَّا is a deterrent particle. لَمَّا — Not Grammar: لَمَّا is a negative, jussive and past-shifting particle whose negation continues up to the present. يَقْضِ — he has accomplished Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb, jussive under لَمَّا; its jussive sign is deletion of the final weak yāʾ, and its subject is an implicit هُوَ. مَآ — what Grammar: مَآ is a relative pronoun functioning as the object. أَمَرَهُۥ — He commanded him Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the relative clause. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

6. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 24

فَلْيَنظُرِ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ Sentence structure The imperative lām makes يَنظُرِ jussive. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is its subject and إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary The human being should reflect on his food and the power of Allah behind its provision. فَلْيَنظُرِ — Then let look Grammar: فَ is resumptive and لْ is the imperative lām. يَنظُرِ is a jussive third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its final kasrah only avoids two adjacent sukūns. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — the man Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject. إِلَىٰ — at Grammar: إِلَىٰ is a preposition functioning as the linked complement. طَعَامِهِۦٓ — his food Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement. Attached هِۦٓ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

7. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 25

أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا ٱلْمَآءَ صَبًّا Sentence structure أَنَّا begins an emphatic clause whose exact attachment has two recognized analyses. صَبَبْنَا is its verbal predicate; ٱلْمَآءَ is the object and صَبًّا an emphatic cognate accusative. Ayah summary Allah poured down water abundantly. أَنَّا — That [We] Grammar: أَنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle; attached نَا is the first-person plural pronoun functioning as its noun. صَبَبْنَا — [We] poured Grammar: first-person plural perfect verb; it functions as the خبر أن. Attached نَا is a first-person plural pronoun functioning as the subject. ٱلْمَآءَ — the water Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. accusative noun functioning as the object. صَبًّۭا — (in) abundance Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the cognate accusative.

8. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 26

ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا ٱلْأَرْضَ شَقًّا Sentence structure شَقَقْنَا is a perfect verb with attached subject we. ٱلْأَرْضَ is its object and شَقًّا its cognate accusative. Ayah summary Then Allah split the earth open so that vegetation could emerge. ثُمَّ — Then Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction. شَقَقْنَا — We cleaved Grammar: first-person plural perfect verb. Attached نَا is a first-person plural pronoun functioning as the subject. ٱلْأَرْضَ — the earth Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. accusative noun functioning as the object. شَقًّۭا — splitting Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the cognate accusative.

9. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 27

فَأَنۢبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا Sentence structure فَأَنۢبَتْنَا is coordinated with the preceding acts, its attached pronoun is the subject, فِيهَا is linked to it, and حَبًّا is the object. Ayah summary Then He caused grain to grow in it. فَأَنۢبَتْنَا — Then We caused to grow Grammar: فَ is a conjunction. form IV first-person plural perfect verb; it functions as the coordinated element. Attached نَا is a first-person plural pronoun functioning as the subject. فِيهَا — therein Grammar: فِي is a preposition functioning as the linked complement. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement. حَبًّۭا — grain Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object.

Practice questions

Question 1

مِن نُّطْفَةٍ خَلَقَهُۥ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ ۝١٩ Which form is فَقَدَّرَهُۥ?

  • Form IV
  • Form V
  • Form II
  • Form X

Question 2

ثُمَّ ٱلسَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُۥ ۝٢٠ Which form is يَسَّرَهُۥ?

  • Form IV
  • Form V
  • Form X
  • Form II

Question 3

ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُۥ فَأَقْبَرَهُۥ ۝٢١ Which form is shared by أَمَاتَهُۥ and أَقْبَرَهُۥ?

  • Form IV
  • Form II
  • Form V
  • Form X

Question 4

ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنشَرَهُۥ ۝٢٢ What type of word is إِذَا here?

  • Jussive conditional particle
  • Non-jussive adverb of future time
  • Preposition
  • Negative particle

Question 5

كَلَّا لَمَّا يَقْضِ مَآ أَمَرَهُۥ ۝٢٣ What is the jussive sign in يَقْضِ?

  • Final fatḥa
  • Deletion of nūn
  • Deletion of final weak yāʾ
  • A genitive kasra

Question 6

فَلْيَنظُرِ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ ۝٢٤ Why does يَنظُرِ end with kasra?

  • Because the verb is genitive
  • Because it is subjunctive
  • Because it is passive
  • To avoid two adjacent sukūns

Question 7

أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا ٱلْمَآءَ صَبًّا ۝٢٥ What is صَبًّا after صَبَبْنَا?

  • Cognate accusative
  • Subject
  • Direct object
  • Circumstantial accusative

Question 8

ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا ٱلْأَرْضَ شَقًّا ۝٢٦ What is شَقًّا after شَقَقْنَا?

  • Subject
  • Cognate accusative
  • Direct object
  • Circumstantial accusative

Question 9

فَأَنۢبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا ۝٢٧ What is حَبًّا with أَنۢبَتْنَا?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Direct object
  • Adjective

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