Surah ‘Abasa — Part 3

1. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 19

مِن نُّطْفَةٍ خَلَقَهُۥ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
مِن نُّطْفَةٍ is linked to خَلَقَهُۥ. The coordinated فَقَدَّرَهُۥ shares its understood subject and takes the same object referent.

Ayah summary
Allah created him from a humble drop and formed him according to a measured design.

مِن — From
Grammar: مِن is a preposition functioning as the linked complement.

نُّطْفَةٍ — a semen-drop
Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.

خَلَقَهُۥ — He created him
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

فَقَدَّرَهُۥ — then He proportioned him
Grammar: فَ is a conjunction. form II third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the coordinated element. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

2. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 20

ثُمَّ ٱلسَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
In the primary analysis, ٱلسَّبِيلَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by يَسَّرَهُۥ; this is the construction of preoccupation (ishtighāl). The stated verb has an understood subject and هُ is its object.

Ayah summary
Then Allah made the way easy for him.

ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction.

ٱلسَّبِيلَ — the way
Grammar: In the primary analysis, an accusative object of an omitted verb explained by يَسَّرَهُۥ; this is ishtighāl.

يَسَّرَهُۥ — He made easy for him
Grammar: form II third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

3. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 21

ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُۥ فَأَقْبَرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
Two coordinated perfect verbs share the understood subject He. Their attached pronouns refer to the human being as object.

Ayah summary
Then Allah caused him to die and provided for him to be placed honourably in a grave.

ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction.

أَمَاتَهُۥ — He causes him to die
Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

فَأَقْبَرَهُۥ — and provides a grave for him
Grammar: فَ is a conjunction. form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the coordinated element. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

4. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 22

ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنشَرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
إِذَا is a future, non-jussive conditional time adverb. شَآءَ occurs in its annexed clause and أَنشَرَهُۥ is the non-jussive response.

Ayah summary
Then, whenever Allah wills, He will raise him to life again.

ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction.

إِذَا — when
Grammar: إِذَا is a time adverb.

شَآءَ — He wills
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the condition clause.

أَنشَرَهُۥ — He will resurrect him
Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the answer to the condition. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

5. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 23

كَلَّا لَمَّا يَقْضِ مَآ أَمَرَهُۥ
Sentence structure
لَمَّا negates completion up to now and makes يَقْضِ jussive. Relative مَآ is its object, and أَمَرَهُۥ is the relative clause.

Ayah summary
The human being has not yet fully carried out what his Lord commanded him.

كَلَّا — Nay
Grammar: كَلَّا is a deterrent particle.

لَمَّا — Not
Grammar: لَمَّا is a negative, jussive and past-shifting particle whose negation continues up to the present.

يَقْضِ — he has accomplished
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb, jussive under لَمَّا; its jussive sign is deletion of the final weak yāʾ, and its subject is an implicit هُوَ.

مَآ — what
Grammar: مَآ is a relative pronoun functioning as the object.

أَمَرَهُۥ — He commanded him
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the relative clause. Attached هُۥ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the object.

6. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 24

فَلْيَنظُرِ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ
Sentence structure
The imperative lām makes يَنظُرِ jussive. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is its subject and إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ is linked to the verb.

Ayah summary
The human being should reflect on his food and the power of Allah behind its provision.

فَلْيَنظُرِ — Then let look
Grammar: فَ is resumptive and لْ is the imperative lām. يَنظُرِ is a jussive third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its final kasrah only avoids two adjacent sukūns.

ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — the man
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject.

إِلَىٰ — at
Grammar: إِلَىٰ is a preposition functioning as the linked complement.

طَعَامِهِۦٓ — his food
Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement. Attached هِۦٓ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

7. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 25

أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا ٱلْمَآءَ صَبًّا
Sentence structure
أَنَّا begins an emphatic clause whose exact attachment has two recognized analyses. صَبَبْنَا is its verbal predicate; ٱلْمَآءَ is the object and صَبًّا an emphatic cognate accusative.

Ayah summary
Allah poured down water abundantly.

أَنَّا — That [We]
Grammar: أَنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle; attached نَا is the first-person plural pronoun functioning as its noun.

صَبَبْنَا — [We] poured
Grammar: first-person plural perfect verb; it functions as the خبر أن. Attached نَا is a first-person plural pronoun functioning as the subject.

ٱلْمَآءَ — the water
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. accusative noun functioning as the object.

صَبًّۭا — (in) abundance
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the cognate accusative.

8. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 26

ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا ٱلْأَرْضَ شَقًّا
Sentence structure
شَقَقْنَا is a perfect verb with attached subject we. ٱلْأَرْضَ is its object and شَقًّا its cognate accusative.

Ayah summary
Then Allah split the earth open so that vegetation could emerge.

ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: ثُمَّ is a conjunction.

شَقَقْنَا — We cleaved
Grammar: first-person plural perfect verb. Attached نَا is a first-person plural pronoun functioning as the subject.

ٱلْأَرْضَ — the earth
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. accusative noun functioning as the object.

شَقًّۭا — splitting
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the cognate accusative.

9. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 27

فَأَنۢبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا
Sentence structure
فَأَنۢبَتْنَا is coordinated with the preceding acts, its attached pronoun is the subject, فِيهَا is linked to it, and حَبًّا is the object.

Ayah summary
Then He caused grain to grow in it.

فَأَنۢبَتْنَا — Then We caused to grow
Grammar: فَ is a conjunction. form IV first-person plural perfect verb; it functions as the coordinated element. Attached نَا is a first-person plural pronoun functioning as the subject.

فِيهَا — therein
Grammar: فِي is a preposition functioning as the linked complement. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

حَبًّۭا — grain
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object.