Surah ‘Abasa — Part 4

Ayahs 28–35 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah ‘Abasa — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 28

وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا Sentence structure Both accusative nouns are coordinated with the object حَبًّا in ayah 27. Ayah summary And He produced grapes and vegetables in it. وَعِنَبًۭا — And grapes Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element. وَقَضْبًۭا — and green fodder Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element.

2. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 29

وَزَيْتُونًا وَنَخْلًا Sentence structure Both accusative nouns continue the coordinated list of things brought forth from the earth. Ayah summary And He produced olives and date palms. وَزَيْتُونًۭا — And olive Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element. وَنَخْلًۭا — and date-palms Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element.

3. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 30

وَحَدَآئِقَ غُلْبًا Sentence structure حَدَآئِقَ is another coordinated accusative noun, and غُلْبًا is its accusative adjective. Ayah summary And He grew densely planted gardens. وَحَدَآئِقَ — And gardens Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element. غُلْبًۭا — (of) thick foliage Grammar: accusative adjective functioning as the adjective.

4. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 31

وَفَـٰكِهَةً وَأَبًّا Sentence structure Both accusative nouns continue the coordinated list governed by أَنۢبَتْنَا. Ayah summary And He produced fruit and fodder. وَفَـٰكِهَةًۭ — And fruits Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element. وَأَبًّۭا — and grass Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element.

5. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 32

مَّتَـٰعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ Sentence structure مَّتَـٰعًا is an accusative expression of purpose or benefit. The two coordinated prepositional phrases identify the beneficiaries. Ayah summary All this is for the benefit of you and your livestock. مَّتَـٰعًۭا — (As) a provision Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the accusative of purpose. لَّكُمْ — for you Grammar: لَّ is a preposition. كُمْ is a pronoun functioning as the genitive complement. وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ — and for your cattle Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. لِ is a preposition. genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement. Attached كُمْ is a second-person masculine plural pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

6. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 33

فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلصَّآخَّةُ Sentence structure إِذَا opens a future non-jussive time-conditioned clause. جَآءَتِ is its verb and ٱلصَّآخَّةُ the subject; the response is supplied by the following context. Ayah summary Then the deafening blast of the Day of Resurrection will come. فَإِذَا — But when Grammar: فَ is a resumption particle. إِذَا is a time adverb. جَآءَتِ — comes Grammar: third-person feminine singular perfect verb; it functions as the condition clause. ٱلصَّآخَّةُ — the Deafening Blast Grammar: ٱل is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject.

7. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 34

يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ ٱلْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ Sentence structure يَوْمَ is a time expression. Its attached clause has يَفِرُّ as verb and ٱلْمَرْءُ as subject; مِنْ أَخِيهِ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary On that Day, a person will flee from his brother. يَوْمَ — (The) Day Grammar: يَوْمَ is a time adverb. يَفِرُّ — will flee Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb whose explicit subject is ٱلْمَرْءُ. The complete clause يَفِرُّ ٱلْمَرْءُ is in the genitive position as the clause annexed to يَوْمَ. ٱلْمَرْءُ — a man Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject. مِنْ — from Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition functioning as the linked complement. أَخِيهِ — his brother Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement. Attached هِ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

8. Surah ‘Abasa · Ayah 35

وَأُمِّهِۦ وَأَبِيهِ Sentence structure Both genitive nouns are coordinated with أَخِيهِ and carry attached genitive pronouns. Ayah summary He will also flee from his mother and father. وَأُمِّهِۦ — And his mother Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. genitive noun functioning as the coordinated element. Attached هِۦ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement. وَأَبِيهِ — and his father Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. genitive noun functioning as the coordinated element. Attached هِ is a third-person masculine singular pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝٢٨ Why are عِنَبًا and قَضْبًا accusative?

  • Coordinated genitive nouns
  • A coordinated perfect verb
  • Imperative verbs
  • Coordinated accusative nouns

Question 2

وَزَيْتُونًا وَنَخْلًا ۝٢٩ How do زَيْتُونًا and نَخْلًا continue the list?

  • Coordinated accusative nouns
  • Coordinated genitive nouns
  • A coordinated perfect verb
  • Imperative verbs

Question 3

وَحَدَآئِقَ غُلْبًا ۝٣٠ What is غُلْبًا with حَدَآئِقَ?

  • Subject
  • Adjective
  • Direct object
  • Predicate

Question 4

وَفَـٰكِهَةً وَأَبًّا ۝٣١ What is the status of فَـٰكِهَةً وَأَبًّا?

  • Coordinated genitive nouns
  • A coordinated perfect verb
  • Coordinated accusative nouns
  • Imperative verbs

Question 5

مَّتَـٰعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ ۝٣٢ What is the role of مَّتَـٰعًا?

  • Subject
  • Genitive complement
  • Predicate
  • Accusative of purpose

Question 6

فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلصَّآخَّةُ ۝٣٣ What is ٱلصَّآخَّةُ with جَآءَتِ?

  • Subject
  • Direct object
  • Predicate
  • Adjective

Question 7

يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ ٱلْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ ۝٣٤ What is the case of أَخِيهِ after مِنْ?

  • Nominative, marked by wāw
  • Genitive, marked by yāʾ
  • Accusative, marked by alif
  • Jussive, marked by sukūn

Question 8

وَأُمِّهِۦ وَأَبِيهِ ۝٣٥ How are أُمِّهِۦ and أَبِيهِ connected?

  • Coordinated accusative nouns
  • A coordinated perfect verb
  • Coordinated genitive nouns
  • Imperative verbs

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