Surah Ad-Duha — Part 1

Ayahs 1–6 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Ad-Duha — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 1

وَٱلضُّحَىٰ Sentence structure وَ is the oath preposition and ٱلضُّحَىٰ its genitive oath noun. Ayah summary Allah swears by the time of the rising morning brightness. وَٱلضُّحَىٰ — By the morning brightness Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition; the defined noun is genitive. The oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb.

2. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 2

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ Sentence structure وَٱلَّيْلِ is coordinated as a genitive oath phrase. إِذَا سَجَىٰ is a time clause; سَجَىٰ has understood subject هُوَ. Ayah summary And by the night as it covers everything. وَٱلَّيْلِ — And the night Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined masculine oath noun is genitive. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «ٱلَّيْلِ». إِذَا — when Grammar: A temporal adverb introducing the following clause. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. سَجَىٰ — it becomes still Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

3. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 3

مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ Sentence structure مَا negates وَدَّعَكَ; كَ is object and رَبُّكَ subject. وَمَا قَلَىٰ is coordinated and negative, with its object understood from context. Ayah summary Your Lord has neither abandoned you, O Prophet ﷺ, nor become displeased with you. مَا — Not Grammar: A non-governing negative particle. وَدَّعَكَ — has forsaken you Grammar: A Form II perfect; attached كَ is the object. رَبُّكَ — your Lord Grammar: A nominative subject; attached كَ is its possessor. وَمَا — and not Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا negates. قَلَىٰ — was displeased Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject; its object is omitted but understood.

4. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 4

وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ ٱلْأُولَىٰ Sentence structure وَ coordinates and لَ emphasizes. ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةُ is subject and خَيْرٌ predicate; لَّكَ and مِنَ ٱلْأُولَىٰ complete the comparison. Ayah summary Surely the Hereafter is better for you, O Prophet ﷺ, than this world. وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ — And surely the Hereafter Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes, and the defined feminine noun is nominative subject. خَيْرٌۭ — is better Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative comparative predicate. لَّكَ — for you Grammar: لِ is a preposition and كَ a genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «خَيْرٌ». مِنَ — than Grammar: A preposition introducing the comparison. This phrase is linked to «خَيْرٌ». ٱلْأُولَىٰ — the first life Grammar: A defined feminine genitive noun after مِنَ.

5. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 5

وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰٓ Sentence structure وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes and سَوْفَ marks future. رَبُّكَ is subject of يُعْطِيكَ and كَ its object; فَتَرْضَىٰٓ states the result. Ayah summary Your Lord will soon grant you so much that you will be pleased. وَلَسَوْفَ — And surely soon Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes and سَوْفَ marks future. يُعْطِيكَ — will give you Grammar: A Form IV imperfect; attached كَ is its object. رَبُّكَ — your Lord Grammar: A nominative subject; attached كَ is possessor. فَتَرْضَىٰٓ — then you will be pleased Grammar: فَ marks result; the imperfect has understood subject أَنْتَ.

6. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 6

أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَـَٔاوَىٰ Sentence structure Interrogative أَ and negative-jussive لَمْ govern يَجِدْكَ. كَ is first object, يَتِيمًا second object, and فَـَٔاوَىٰ is the coordinated result. Ayah summary Allah found you an orphan and granted you shelter and care. أَلَمْ — Did He not Grammar: أَ is interrogative and لَمْ negates and makes the imperfect jussive. يَجِدْكَ — find you Grammar: A jussive imperfect with understood subject هُوَ; كَ is first object. يَتِيمًۭا — an orphan Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative second object. فَـَٔاوَىٰ — then gave shelter Grammar: فَ marks result; ءَاوَىٰ is Form IV perfect with understood subject.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَٱلضُّحَىٰ ۝١ What governs ٱلضُّحَىٰ?

  • Oath waw
  • Inna
  • Lam
  • Illa

Question 2

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ ۝٢ What is إِذَا?

  • Negative
  • Temporal adverb
  • Object
  • Subject

Question 3

مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ ۝٣ What is رَبُّكَ with وَدَّعَكَ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Subject
  • Genitive noun

Question 4

وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ ٱلْأُولَىٰ ۝٤ What is خَيْرٌ?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Genitive adjective
  • Nominative predicate

Question 5

وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰٓ ۝٥ What does سَوْفَ mark?

  • Future
  • Negation
  • Question
  • Oath

Question 6

أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَـَٔاوَىٰ ۝٦ What is يَتِيمًا with يَجِدْكَ?

  • Subject
  • Second object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement

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