Surah Ad-Duha — Part 1

1. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 1

وَٱلضُّحَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَ is the oath preposition and ٱلضُّحَىٰ its genitive oath noun.

Ayah summary
Allah swears by the time of the rising morning brightness.

وَٱلضُّحَىٰ — By the morning brightness
Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition; the defined noun is genitive. The oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb.

2. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 2

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَٱلَّيْلِ is coordinated as a genitive oath phrase. إِذَا سَجَىٰ is a time clause; سَجَىٰ has understood subject هُوَ.

Ayah summary
And by the night as it covers everything.

وَٱلَّيْلِ — And the night
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined masculine oath noun is genitive. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «ٱلَّيْلِ».

إِذَا — when
Grammar: A temporal adverb introducing the following clause. This phrase is linked through an omitted element.

سَجَىٰ — it becomes still
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

3. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 3

مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ
Sentence structure
مَا negates وَدَّعَكَ; كَ is object and رَبُّكَ subject. وَمَا قَلَىٰ is coordinated and negative, with its object understood from context.

Ayah summary
Your Lord has neither abandoned you, O Prophet ﷺ, nor become displeased with you.

مَا — Not
Grammar: A non-governing negative particle.

وَدَّعَكَ — has forsaken you
Grammar: A Form II perfect; attached كَ is the object.

رَبُّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: A nominative subject; attached كَ is its possessor.

وَمَا — and not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا negates.

قَلَىٰ — was displeased
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject; its object is omitted but understood.

4. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 4

وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ ٱلْأُولَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates and لَ emphasizes. ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةُ is subject and خَيْرٌ predicate; لَّكَ and مِنَ ٱلْأُولَىٰ complete the comparison.

Ayah summary
Surely the Hereafter is better for you, O Prophet ﷺ, than this world.

وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ — And surely the Hereafter
Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes, and the defined feminine noun is nominative subject.

خَيْرٌۭ — is better
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative comparative predicate.

لَّكَ — for you
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and كَ a genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «خَيْرٌ».

مِنَ — than
Grammar: A preposition introducing the comparison. This phrase is linked to «خَيْرٌ».

ٱلْأُولَىٰ — the first life
Grammar: A defined feminine genitive noun after مِنَ.

5. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 5

وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰٓ
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes and سَوْفَ marks future. رَبُّكَ is subject of يُعْطِيكَ and كَ its object; فَتَرْضَىٰٓ states the result.

Ayah summary
Your Lord will soon grant you so much that you will be pleased.

وَلَسَوْفَ — And surely soon
Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes and سَوْفَ marks future.

يُعْطِيكَ — will give you
Grammar: A Form IV imperfect; attached كَ is its object.

رَبُّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: A nominative subject; attached كَ is possessor.

فَتَرْضَىٰٓ — then you will be pleased
Grammar: فَ marks result; the imperfect has understood subject أَنْتَ.

6. Surah Ad-Duha · Ayah 6

أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَـَٔاوَىٰ
Sentence structure
Interrogative أَ and negative-jussive لَمْ govern يَجِدْكَ. كَ is first object, يَتِيمًا second object, and فَـَٔاوَىٰ is the coordinated result.

Ayah summary
Allah found you an orphan and granted you shelter and care.

أَلَمْ — Did He not
Grammar: أَ is interrogative and لَمْ negates and makes the imperfect jussive.

يَجِدْكَ — find you
Grammar: A jussive imperfect with understood subject هُوَ; كَ is first object.

يَتِيمًۭا — an orphan
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative second object.

فَـَٔاوَىٰ — then gave shelter
Grammar: فَ marks result; ءَاوَىٰ is Form IV perfect with understood subject.