Ayahs 1–6 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-‘Adiyat — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 1
وَٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ ضَبْحًا ١
Sentence structure
وَ is the oath particle. ٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ is a feminine-plural active participle governed in the genitive, and ضَبْحًا is an accusative verbal noun describing its manner.
Ayah summary
Allah swears by the panting horses that run swiftly.
وَٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ — By those that run
Grammar: وَ is an oath preposition, and the defined feminine-plural active participle is genitive; the oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb,.
ضَبْحًۭا — panting
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative verbal noun describing manner.
2. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 2
فَٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ قَدْحًا ٢
Sentence structure
فَ coordinates the next oath expression. ٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ is a genitive feminine-plural Form IV active participle, and قَدْحًا is an accusative verbal noun describing manner.
Ayah summary
Their hooves strike sparks from the stones.
فَٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ — then those striking sparks
Grammar: فَ coordinates; a defined Form IV feminine-plural active participle in the genitive.
قَدْحًۭا — by striking
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative verbal noun describing manner.
3. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 3
فَٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ صُبْحًا ٣
Sentence structure
فَ coordinates again. ٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ is a genitive feminine-plural Form IV active participle, while صُبْحًا is an accusative time adverb.
Ayah summary
Then they launch a raid at dawn.
فَٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ — then those raiding
Grammar: فَ coordinates; a defined Form IV feminine-plural active participle in the genitive.
صُبْحًۭا — at dawn
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative time adverb linked to the active participle ٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ.
4. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 4
فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِۦ نَقْعًا ٤
Sentence structure
فَأَثَرْنَ is a coordinated Form IV feminine-plural perfect; attached نَ is subject. بِهِۦ links to the verb and نَقْعًا is its accusative object.
Ayah summary
Then their swift charge raises a cloud of dust.
فَأَثَرْنَ — then they stir up
Grammar: فَ coordinates; a Form IV feminine-plural perfect, with attached نَ as subject.
بِهِۦ — thereby
Grammar: A preposition with a masculine-singular genitive pronoun, linked to أَثَرْنَ.
نَقْعًۭا — dust
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative object of أَثَرْنَ.
5. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 5
فَوَسَطْنَ بِهِۦ جَمْعًا ٥
Sentence structure
فَوَسَطْنَ is a coordinated feminine-plural perfect with attached subject نَ. بِهِۦ links to it, and جَمْعًا is an accusative circumstance.
Ayah summary
Then they penetrate into the midst of the enemy ranks.
فَوَسَطْنَ — then penetrate the midst
Grammar: فَ coordinates; a feminine-plural perfect with attached نَ as subject.
بِهِۦ — thereby
Grammar: A preposition with a masculine-singular genitive pronoun, linked to وَسَطْنَ.
جَمْعًا — a host
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative circumstance.
6. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 6
إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ لِرَبِّهِۦ لَكَنُودٌ ٦
Sentence structure
إِنَّ governs accusative ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ. لِرَبِّهِۦ links to the emphatic predicate لَكَنُودٌ, whose initial لَ adds emphasis.
Ayah summary
Surely the human being is deeply ungrateful to his Lord.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative particle of emphasis.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ — the human being
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ.
لِرَبِّهِۦ — toward his Lord
Grammar: لِ is a preposition; رَبِّ is genitive and attached هِۦ possessive; the phrase is linked to كَنُودٌ.
لَكَنُودٌۭ — surely ungrateful
Grammar: Emphatic لَ prefixes an indefinite masculine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.