Surah Al-‘Adiyat — Part 1

Ayahs 1–6 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-‘Adiyat — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 1

وَٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ ضَبْحًا ۝١ Sentence structure وَ is the oath particle. ٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ is a feminine-plural active participle governed in the genitive, and ضَبْحًا is an accusative verbal noun describing its manner. Ayah summary Allah swears by the panting horses that run swiftly. وَٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ — By those that run Grammar: وَ is an oath preposition, and the defined feminine-plural active participle is genitive; the oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb,. ضَبْحًۭا — panting Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative verbal noun describing manner.

2. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 2

فَٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ قَدْحًا ۝٢ Sentence structure فَ coordinates the next oath expression. ٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ is a genitive feminine-plural Form IV active participle, and قَدْحًا is an accusative verbal noun describing manner. Ayah summary Their hooves strike sparks from the stones. فَٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ — then those striking sparks Grammar: فَ coordinates; a defined Form IV feminine-plural active participle in the genitive. قَدْحًۭا — by striking Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative verbal noun describing manner.

3. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 3

فَٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ صُبْحًا ۝٣ Sentence structure فَ coordinates again. ٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ is a genitive feminine-plural Form IV active participle, while صُبْحًا is an accusative time adverb. Ayah summary Then they launch a raid at dawn. فَٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ — then those raiding Grammar: فَ coordinates; a defined Form IV feminine-plural active participle in the genitive. صُبْحًۭا — at dawn Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative time adverb linked to the active participle ٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ.

4. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 4

فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِۦ نَقْعًا ۝٤ Sentence structure فَأَثَرْنَ is a coordinated Form IV feminine-plural perfect; attached نَ is subject. بِهِۦ links to the verb and نَقْعًا is its accusative object. Ayah summary Then their swift charge raises a cloud of dust. فَأَثَرْنَ — then they stir up Grammar: فَ coordinates; a Form IV feminine-plural perfect, with attached نَ as subject. بِهِۦ — thereby Grammar: A preposition with a masculine-singular genitive pronoun, linked to أَثَرْنَ. نَقْعًۭا — dust Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative object of أَثَرْنَ.

5. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 5

فَوَسَطْنَ بِهِۦ جَمْعًا ۝٥ Sentence structure فَوَسَطْنَ is a coordinated feminine-plural perfect with attached subject نَ. بِهِۦ links to it, and جَمْعًا is an accusative circumstance. Ayah summary Then they penetrate into the midst of the enemy ranks. فَوَسَطْنَ — then penetrate the midst Grammar: فَ coordinates; a feminine-plural perfect with attached نَ as subject. بِهِۦ — thereby Grammar: A preposition with a masculine-singular genitive pronoun, linked to وَسَطْنَ. جَمْعًا — a host Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative circumstance.

6. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 6

إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ لِرَبِّهِۦ لَكَنُودٌ ۝٦ Sentence structure إِنَّ governs accusative ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ. لِرَبِّهِۦ links to the emphatic predicate لَكَنُودٌ, whose initial لَ adds emphasis. Ayah summary Surely the human being is deeply ungrateful to his Lord. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An accusative particle of emphasis. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ — the human being Grammar: A defined masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ. لِرَبِّهِۦ — toward his Lord Grammar: لِ is a preposition; رَبِّ is genitive and attached هِۦ possessive; the phrase is linked to كَنُودٌ. لَكَنُودٌۭ — surely ungrateful Grammar: Emphatic لَ prefixes an indefinite masculine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ ضَبْحًا ۝١ Why is ٱلْعَـٰدِيَـٰتِ genitive?

  • Because وَ is an oath preposition
  • Because it is an object
  • Because it is a predicate
  • Because it is a circumstance

Question 2

فَٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ قَدْحًا ۝٢ What is ٱلْمُورِيَـٰتِ morphologically?

  • Passive participle
  • Form IV feminine-plural active participle
  • Perfect verb
  • Time adverb

Question 3

فَٱلْمُغِيرَٰتِ صُبْحًا ۝٣ What is the role of صُبْحًۭا?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Accusative time adverb
  • Genitive complement

Question 4

فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِۦ نَقْعًا ۝٤ What is attached نَ in أَثَرْنَ?

  • Object pronoun
  • Possessive pronoun
  • Emphasis particle
  • Feminine-plural subject pronoun

Question 5

فَوَسَطْنَ بِهِۦ جَمْعًا ۝٥ Who is the subject of وَسَطْنَ?

  • Attached نَ
  • جَمْعًا
  • Attached هِۦ
  • An understood singular pronoun

Question 6

إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ لِرَبِّهِۦ لَكَنُودٌ ۝٦ What is the role of ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ after إِنَّ?

  • Predicate
  • Accusative noun of إِنَّ
  • Subject of a verb
  • Genitive noun

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