Surah Al-‘Adiyat — Part 2

Ayahs 7–11 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-‘Adiyat — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 7

وَإِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ لَشَهِيدٌ ۝٧ Sentence structure وَإِنَّهُۥ begins a coordinated emphatic clause; attached هُ is the noun of إِنَّ. عَلَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ links to emphatic nominative predicate لَشَهِيدٌ. Ayah summary And the reality of this ingratitude is plainly evident. وَإِنَّهُۥ — and indeed he Grammar: وَ coordinates, إِنَّ emphasizes, and attached هُ is its noun. عَلَىٰ — to Grammar: A preposition beginning عَلَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ; the phrase is linked to شَهِيدٌ. ذَٰلِكَ — that Grammar: A masculine-singular demonstrative in the genitive after عَلَىٰ. لَشَهِيدٌۭ — surely a witness Grammar: Emphatic لَ prefixes an indefinite masculine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.

2. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 8

وَإِنَّهُۥ لِحُبِّ ٱلْخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ ۝٨ Sentence structure وَإِنَّهُۥ begins another coordinated emphatic clause. لِحُبِّ ٱلْخَيْرِ is a prepositional annexation linked to emphatic nominative predicate لَشَدِيدٌ. Ayah summary And the human being is intense in his love of wealth. وَإِنَّهُۥ — and indeed he Grammar: وَ coordinates, إِنَّ emphasizes, and attached هُ is its noun. لِحُبِّ — in love of Grammar: لِ is a preposition; masculine حُبِّ is genitive and annexed onward, and the phrase is linked to شَدِيدٌ. ٱلْخَيْرِ — wealth Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of حُبِّ. لَشَدِيدٌ — surely intense Grammar: Emphatic لَ prefixes an indefinite masculine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.

3. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 9

۞ أَفَلَا يَعْلَمُ إِذَا بُعْثِرَ مَا فِى ٱلْقُبُورِ ۝٩ Sentence structure أَ introduces a rebuking question; لَا negates يَعْلَمُ, whose subject is understood. إِذَا introduces the time clause; passive بُعْثِرَ has relative مَا as deputy subject, described by فِى ٱلْقُبُورِ. Ayah summary Does he not know that those in the graves will be brought out? ۞ أَفَلَا — Does he not then Grammar: The opening sign is recitational; أَ interrogates, فَ links, and لَا negates. يَعْلَمُ — know Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject. إِذَا — when Grammar: A future time adverb introducing the following time clause; that clause serves as the object of يَعْلَمُ. بُعْثِرَ — is scattered out Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive perfect. مَا — what is Grammar: A relative noun serving as the passive subject of بُعْثِرَ; an omitted element occurs in its relative clause. فِى — in Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun; فِى ٱلْقُبُورِ is linked to an omitted element in the relative clause of مَا. ٱلْقُبُورِ — the graves Grammar: A defined masculine-plural genitive noun after فِى.

4. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 10

وَحُصِّلَ مَا فِى ٱلصُّدُورِ ۝١٠ Sentence structure وَ coordinates passive Form II حُصِّلَ. Relative مَا is its deputy subject, and فِى ٱلصُّدُورِ describes that relative expression. Ayah summary And the hidden secrets within hearts will be disclosed. وَحُصِّلَ — and is brought forth Grammar: وَ coordinates; a Form II third-person masculine-singular passive perfect. مَا — what is Grammar: A relative noun functioning as deputy subject of passive حُصِّلَ. فِى — in Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun; فِى ٱلصُّدُورِ completes the linked relative construction of مَا. ٱلصُّدُورِ — the breasts Grammar: A defined masculine-plural genitive noun after فِى.

5. Surah Al-‘Adiyat · Ayah 11

إِنَّ رَبَّهُم بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّخَبِيرٌۢ ۝١١ Sentence structure إِنَّ opens the result clause. رَبَّهُم is its accusative noun; بِهِمْ and يَوْمَئِذٍ link to emphatic nominative predicate لَّخَبِيرٌ. Ayah summary Surely on that day their Lord will be fully aware of all their outward and inward deeds. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An accusative particle of emphasis introducing the result clause. رَبَّهُم — their Lord Grammar: The masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ; هُم is possessive. بِهِمْ — about them Grammar: A preposition with a masculine-plural genitive pronoun, linked to the predicate خَبِيرٌ. يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day Grammar: An accusative time adverb linked to the predicate خَبِيرٌ. لَّخَبِيرٌۢ — surely fully aware Grammar: Emphatic لَ prefixes an indefinite masculine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَإِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ لَشَهِيدٌ ۝٧ What is the role of شَهِيدٌ in لَشَهِيدٌ?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Nominative predicate of إِنَّ
  • Genitive complement

Question 2

وَإِنَّهُۥ لِحُبِّ ٱلْخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ ۝٨ What is the role of ٱلْخَيْرِ after حُبِّ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Circumstance
  • Genitive complement

Question 3

۞ أَفَلَا يَعْلَمُ إِذَا بُعْثِرَ مَا فِى ٱلْقُبُورِ ۝٩ What is the role of مَا after passive بُعْثِرَ?

  • Deputy subject
  • Accusative object
  • Negative particle
  • Time adverb

Question 4

وَحُصِّلَ مَا فِى ٱلصُّدُورِ ۝١٠ What is the form and voice of حُصِّلَ?

  • Form I active perfect
  • Form II passive perfect
  • Form IV passive imperfect
  • Active participle

Question 5

إِنَّ رَبَّهُم بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّخَبِيرٌۢ ۝١١ What is the role of رَبَّهُم after إِنَّ?

  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Accusative noun of إِنَّ
  • Genitive complement

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