Ayahs 1–10 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-A‘la — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 1
سَبِّحِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ ٱلْأَعْلَى
Sentence structure
سَبِّحِ is an imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ. ٱسْمَ is its object; رَبِّكَ completes the annexation, and ٱلْأَعْلَى is read here as a genitive adjective of رَبِّ.
Ayah summary
Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High.
سَبِّحِ — Glorify
Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative with obligatory understood subject أَنْتَ. Its final kasrah avoids two consonants meeting.
ٱسْمَ — (the) name
Grammar: A masculine-singular accusative noun functioning as the object of سَبِّحِ and annexed to رَبِّكَ.
رَبِّكَ — (of) your Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is the genitive complement of ٱسْمَ; attached كَ is a second-person masculine-singular genitive possessor.
ٱلْأَعْلَى — the Most High
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article. In one grammatical reading, أَعْلَى is a masculine-singular genitive adjective of رَبِّ, with an estimated kasrah on the final alif.
2. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 2
ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِى describes the preceding Lord; خَلَقَ is its relative clause. فَسَوَّىٰ is coordinated with the first verb; both verbs have an understood subject and an omitted object.
Ayah summary
Allah created everything and fashioned it perfectly according to wisdom.
ٱلَّذِى — The One Who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun, read here as a genitive adjective explaining the preceding رَبِّكَ; its following clause is the relative clause.
خَلَقَ — created
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ. Its object is omitted.
فَسَوَّىٰ — then proportioned
Grammar: فَ coordinates; سَوَّىٰ is a third-person masculine-singular Form II perfect with understood subject هُوَ and omitted object.
3. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 3
وَٱلَّذِى قَدَّرَ فَهَدَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَٱلَّذِى is coordinated with the preceding relative noun. قَدَّرَ is its relative clause, and فَهَدَىٰ is coordinated with that verb; both have understood subjects and omitted objects.
Ayah summary
Allah determined the measure of everything and guided it to its proper way.
وَٱلَّذِى — And the One Who
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱلَّذِى is a masculine-singular relative noun coordinated with the preceding relative noun.
قَدَّرَ — measured
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular Form II perfect with understood subject هُوَ. Its object is omitted.
فَهَدَىٰ — then guided
Grammar: فَ coordinates; هَدَىٰ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ and omitted object.
4. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 4
وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَخْرَجَ ٱلْمَرْعَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَٱلَّذِىٓ continues the coordinated relative nouns. أَخْرَجَ is the relative-clause verb with an understood subject, and ٱلْمَرْعَىٰ is its object.
Ayah summary
Allah brings forth green pasture from the earth.
وَٱلَّذِىٓ — And the One Who
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱلَّذِىٓ is a masculine-singular relative noun coordinated with the preceding relative noun.
أَخْرَجَ — brings forth
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular Form IV perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
ٱلْمَرْعَىٰ — the pasture
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; مَرْعَىٰ is a masculine-singular accusative object of أَخْرَجَ, with an estimated fatḥah on the final alif.
5. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 5
فَجَعَلَهُۥ غُثَآءً أَحْوَىٰ
Sentence structure
فَجَعَلَهُۥ is coordinated with the preceding verb: its understood subject is هُوَ and attached هُۥ is the first object. غُثَآءً is the second object; أَحْوَىٰ is read here as its accusative adjective.
Ayah summary
Then He turns that pasture into dry, dark stubble.
فَجَعَلَهُۥ — And then makes it
Grammar: فَ coordinates; جَعَلَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ. Attached هُۥ is its first object.
غُثَآءً — stubble
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular accusative noun functioning as the second object of جَعَلَ.
أَحْوَىٰ — dark
Grammar: In one grammatical reading, an indefinite masculine-singular accusative adjective of غُثَآءً, with an estimated fatḥah on the final alif.
6. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 6
سَنُقْرِئُكَ فَلَا تَنسَىٰٓ
Sentence structure
سَنُقْرِئُكَ has the near-future prefix سَ, a first-person-plural verb with understood subject نَحْنُ, and object كَ. فَلَا resumes and negates; تَنسَىٰٓ is read as an indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنْتَ.
Ayah summary
Allah assures the Prophet ﷺ that He will teach him the Qur’an and preserve it in his memory.
سَنُقْرِئُكَ — We will make you recite
Grammar: سَ marks the near future; نُقْرِئُ is a first-person-plural Form IV indicative imperfect with understood subject نَحْنُ, and attached كَ is its first object. The second object is omitted.
فَلَا — so not
Grammar: فَ resumes the discourse and لَا is read here as a non-governing negative particle.
تَنسَىٰٓ — you will forget
Grammar: In one grammatical reading, a second-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنْتَ and omitted object; its ḍammah is estimated on the final alif.
7. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 7
إِلَّا مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ يَعْلَمُ ٱلْجَهْرَ وَمَا يَخْفَىٰ
Sentence structure
إِلَّا مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ forms the exception: مَا is the excepted relative noun, شَآءَ its relative-clause verb, and ٱللَّهُ the subject. إِنَّهُۥ begins a new emphatic clause; يَعْلَمُ and its objects form the predicate.
Ayah summary
Only what Allah wills may be forgotten, and He knows every open and hidden matter.
إِلَّا — Except
Grammar: An exception particle introducing the exception from the preceding statement.
مَا — what
Grammar: A relative noun meaning 'that which', in the accusative position as the excepted element after إِلَّا.
شَآءَ — wills
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; its object is omitted.
ٱللَّهُ ۚ — Allah
Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the nominative subject of شَآءَ. The pause mark belongs to recitation, not the grammatical word.
إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed, He
Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle and attached هُۥ its third-person masculine-singular noun.
يَعْلَمُ — knows
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject هُوَ. Its verbal clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.
ٱلْجَهْرَ — the manifest
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; جَهْرَ is a masculine-singular accusative object of يَعْلَمُ.
وَمَا — and what
Grammar: وَ coordinates; مَا is a relative noun coordinated with ٱلْجَهْرَ in the accusative position.
يَخْفَىٰ — is hidden
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect in the relative clause, with understood subject هُوَ.
8. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 8
وَنُيَسِّرُكَ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَنُيَسِّرُكَ is coordinated with سَنُقْرِئُكَ: its understood subject is نَحْنُ and attached كَ is the object. لِلْيُسْرَىٰ is a prepositional phrase linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
Allah will make the path of ease readily accessible to the Prophet ﷺ.
وَنُيَسِّرُكَ — And We will ease you
Grammar: وَ coordinates; نُيَسِّرُ is a first-person-plural Form II indicative imperfect with understood subject نَحْنُ, and attached كَ is its object.
لِلْيُسْرَىٰ — to the ease
Grammar: لِ is a preposition, ٱل the definite article, and يُسْرَىٰ a feminine-singular genitive noun; the phrase is linked to نُيَسِّرُكَ.
9. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 9
فَذَكِّرْ إِن نَّفَعَتِ ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ
Sentence structure
فَذَكِّرْ is an imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ and an omitted object. In one conditional reading, إِن introduces the condition, نَّفَعَتِ is its verb, and ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ the subject; the response is understood from the preceding command.
Ayah summary
Continue to remind, for there are people who will benefit from the reminder.
فَذَكِّرْ — So remind
Grammar: فَ resumes or links to the conditional sense; ذَكِّرْ is a second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ and omitted object.
إِن — if
Grammar: In one grammatical reading, a jussive conditional particle introducing the condition.
نَّفَعَتِ — benefits
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular perfect functioning as the conditional verb in the jussive position. Final ت is the feminine marker, moved with kasrah to avoid two consonants meeting.
ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ — the reminder
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; ذِّكْرَىٰ is the feminine-singular nominative subject of نَّفَعَتِ, with an estimated ḍammah on the final alif.
10. Surah Al-A‘la · Ayah 10
سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخْشَىٰ
Sentence structure
سَيَذَّكَّرُ is an indicative imperfect preceded by future سَ. مَن is its subject; يَخْشَىٰ is the relative clause with an understood subject and omitted object.
Ayah summary
The one who fears Allah will heed the reminder.
سَيَذَّكَّرُ — He will pay heed
Grammar: سَ marks the future; يَذَّكَّرُ is a third-person masculine-singular Form V indicative imperfect.
مَن — (one) who
Grammar: A relative noun functioning as the nominative subject of سَيَذَّكَّرُ.
يَخْشَىٰ — fears (Allah)
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect in the relative clause with understood subject هُوَ and omitted object.