1. Surah Al-‘Asr · Ayah 1
وَٱلْعَصْرِ ١
Sentence structure
In وَٱلْعَصْرِ, oath وَ is a preposition and the defined noun ٱلْعَصْرِ is genitive.
Ayah summary
Allah swears by Al-'Asr.
وَٱلْعَصْرِ — By Al-‘Asr
Grammar: Oath وَ is a preposition and defined masculine ٱلْعَصْرِ is its genitive noun; the oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb.
2. Surah Al-‘Asr · Ayah 2
إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ لَفِى خُسْرٍ ٢
Sentence structure
إِنَّ is an accusative particle. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ is its accusative noun, and the emphatic prepositional phrase لَفِى خُسْرٍ is its predicate.
Ayah summary
Surely the human being is in loss if his diminishing lifetime is not used for good.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative particle introducing an emphasized nominal sentence.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ — mankind
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ.
لَفِى — is surely in
Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes preposition فِى; فِى خُسْرٍ is linked to the omitted predicate of إِنَّ.
خُسْرٍ — loss
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive noun governed by فِى.
3. Surah Al-‘Asr · Ayah 3
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا۟ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا۟ بِٱلصَّبْرِ ٣
Sentence structure
إِلَّا introduces an exception and ٱلَّذِينَ is a masculine-plural relative pronoun. Its relative clause coordinates four actions: ءَامَنُوا۟, عَمِلُوا۟, and the two occurrences of تَوَاصَوْا۟. ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is an object; both بِٱلْحَقِّ and بِٱلصَّبْرِ are prepositional phrases.
Ayah summary
But those who have faith, do righteous deeds, counsel truth and counsel patience are saved from this loss.
إِلَّا — except
Grammar: An exceptive particle.
ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun introducing its relative clause.
ءَامَنُوا۟ — believed
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural perfect; attached واو الجماعة is its subject.
وَعَمِلُوا۟ — and did
Grammar: وَ coordinates a third-person masculine-plural perfect; attached واو الجماعة is subject.
ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ — righteous deeds
Grammar: A defined feminine-plural accusative active-participle noun functioning as object of عَمِلُوا۟.
وَتَوَاصَوْا۟ — and urged one another
Grammar: وَ coordinates a Form VI third-person masculine-plural perfect; attached واو الجماعة is subject.
بِٱلْحَقِّ — to the truth
Grammar: Preposition بِ governs defined masculine genitive ٱلْحَقِّ; the phrase links to تَوَاصَوْا۟.
وَتَوَاصَوْا۟ — and urged one another
Grammar: وَ coordinates a Form VI third-person masculine-plural perfect; attached واو الجماعة is subject.
بِٱلصَّبْرِ — to patience
Grammar: Preposition بِ governs defined masculine genitive ٱلصَّبْرِ; the phrase links to تَوَاصَوْا۟.