Surah Al-Bayyinah — Part 1

Ayahs 1–5 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Bayyinah — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 1 — Part 1/2

لَمْ يَكُنِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ … Sentence structure لَمْ negates and jussivizes incomplete يَكُنِ. Relative ٱلَّذِينَ is its noun; كَفَرُوا۟ is the relative clause. مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ describes the group, and مُنفَكِّينَ is the accusative predicate. Ayah summary The disbelievers among the People of the Book and the polytheists did not leave their denial until the clear proof came. لَمْ — not Grammar: A negative particle that jussivizes the following imperfect. يَكُنِ — were Grammar: A jussive third-person masculine-singular incomplete imperfect after لَمْ. ٱلَّذِينَ — those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative noun, the noun of يَكُنِ. كَفَرُوا۟ — disbelieved Grammar: A masculine-plural perfect; attached وا is subject, forming the relative clause. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «كَفَرُوا۟». مِنْ — among Grammar: A preposition. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. أَهْلِ — people Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after مِنْ, annexed onward. ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ — of the Scripture Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of أَهْلِ. وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ — and the polytheists Grammar: وَ coordinates; a defined masculine-plural active participle, genitive by coordination. مُنفَكِّينَ — to desist Grammar: A Form VII masculine-plural active participle, accusative predicate of يَكُنِ.

2. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 1 — Part 2/2

حَتَّىٰ تَأْتِيَهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ ۝١ Sentence structure حَتَّىٰ introduces the endpoint clause. تَأْتِيَ is subjunctive; attached هُم is object and ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ nominative subject. Ayah summary The disbelievers among the People of the Book and the polytheists did not leave their denial until the clear proof came. حَتَّىٰ — until Grammar: A particle introducing the endpoint and subjunctive clause. تَأْتِيَهُمُ — comes to them Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular subjunctive imperfect; attached هُم is object. ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ — the clear evidence Grammar: A defined feminine nominative subject of تَأْتِيَ.

3. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 2

رَسُولٌ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ يَتْلُوا۟ صُحُفًا مُّطَهَّرَةً ۝٢ Sentence structure رَسُولٌ is a nominative apposition explaining the evidence. مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ describes it; يَتْلُوا۟ is an adjectival clause, صُحُفًا its object and مُّطَهَّرَةً its adjective. Ayah summary This clear proof is Allah's Messenger ﷺ reciting purified scriptures. رَسُولٌۭ — a messenger Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative apposition explaining ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ. An omitted adjectival element is associated with «رَسُولٌۭ». مِّنَ — from Grammar: A preposition. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. ٱللَّهِ — Allah Grammar: A proper noun genitive after مِنَ. يَتْلُوا۟ — reciting Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject, forming an adjectival clause. صُحُفًۭا — pages Grammar: An indefinite plural accusative object of يَتْلُوا۟. مُّطَهَّرَةًۭ — purified Grammar: A feminine singular accusative passive-participle adjective of the non-human plural صُحُفًا.

4. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 3

فِيهَا كُتُبٌ قَيِّمَةٌ ۝٣ Sentence structure فِيهَا is the fronted predicate, كُتُبٌ the delayed nominative subject, and قَيِّمَةٌ its nominative adjective. Ayah summary These scriptures contain upright and sound teachings. فِيهَا — in them Grammar: A preposition with feminine-singular pronoun, functioning as fronted predicate. كُتُبٌۭ — writings Grammar: An indefinite plural nominative delayed subject. قَيِّمَةٌۭ — upright Grammar: A feminine singular nominative adjective of the non-human plural كُتُبٌ.

5. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 4 — Part 1/2

وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ … Sentence structure مَا negates Form V تَفَرَّقَ. ٱلَّذِينَ is subject; passive أُوتُوا۟ is its relative clause and ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ its object. Ayah summary The People of the Book fell into division after the clear proof came to them. وَمَا — And not Grammar: وَ resumes and مَا negates the following perfect. تَفَرَّقَ — became divided Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular perfect. ٱلَّذِينَ — those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative noun functioning as subject. أُوتُوا۟ — were given Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural passive perfect; attached وا is deputy subject. ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ — the Scripture Grammar: A defined masculine accusative noun; with passive أُوتُوا۟, it remains the second object.

6. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 4 — Part 2/2

إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ ۝٤ Sentence structure إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ marks the restricted time. Relative مَا is the genitive complement; جَآءَتْهُمُ is its clause with object هُم and subject ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ. Ayah summary The People of the Book fell into division after the clear proof came to them. إِلَّا — except Grammar: A restriction particle after negation. مِنۢ — from Grammar: A preposition. بَعْدِ — after Grammar: A genitive time noun after مِن, annexed onward. مَا — that Grammar: A relative noun functioning as genitive complement of بَعْدِ. جَآءَتْهُمُ — came to them Grammar: A feminine-singular perfect; attached هُم is object. ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ — the clear evidence Grammar: A defined feminine nominative subject of جَآءَتْ.

7. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 5 — Part 1/2

وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓا۟ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ حُنَفَآءَ … Sentence structure مَا أُمِرُوٓا۟ إِلَّا is a negative restriction. لِيَعْبُدُوا۟ is a subjunctive purpose clause; ٱللَّهَ is object. مُخْلِصِينَ and حُنَفَآءَ are accusative circumstantial expressions; ٱلدِّينَ is object of the participle. Ayah summary They were commanded to worship Allah sincerely, establish prayer, and give zakat. وَمَآ — And not Grammar: وَ resumes and مَآ negates. أُمِرُوٓا۟ — they were commanded Grammar: A masculine-plural passive perfect; attached وا is deputy subject. إِلَّا — except Grammar: A restriction particle after negation. This phrase is linked to «أُمِرُوا۟». لِيَعْبُدُوا۟ — to worship Grammar: لِ is purpose; a masculine-plural subjunctive imperfect with attached subject وا. ٱللَّهَ — Allah Grammar: The proper noun is accusative object of يَعْبُدُوا۟. مُخْلِصِينَ — sincerely devoting Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural active participle, accusative circumstance. لَهُ — to Him Grammar: A preposition with masculine-singular genitive pronoun linked to مُخْلِصِينَ. ٱلدِّينَ — the religion Grammar: A defined masculine accusative object of the active participle. حُنَفَآءَ — upright Grammar: A masculine-plural accusative circumstance.

8. Surah Al-Bayyinah · Ayah 5 — Part 2/2

وَيُقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ دِينُ ٱلْقَيِّمَةِ ۝٥ Sentence structure وَيُقِيمُوا۟ and وَيُؤْتُوا۟ are coordinated subjunctive verbs with plural subjects; each takes an object. ذَٰلِكَ is subject, دِينُ predicate and ٱلْقَيِّمَةِ its genitive complement. Ayah summary They were commanded to worship Allah sincerely, establish prayer, and give zakat. وَيُقِيمُوا۟ — and establish Grammar: وَ coordinates; a Form IV masculine-plural subjunctive imperfect, وا subject. ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ — the prayer Grammar: A defined feminine accusative object. وَيُؤْتُوا۟ — and give Grammar: وَ coordinates; a Form IV masculine-plural subjunctive imperfect, وا subject. ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ۚ — the alms Grammar: A defined feminine accusative object; the pause sign is not a grammatical segment. وَذَٰلِكَ — and that Grammar: وَ resumes; masculine-singular demonstrative ذَٰلِكَ is subject. دِينُ — religion Grammar: A masculine nominative predicate, annexed onward. ٱلْقَيِّمَةِ — the upright way Grammar: A defined feminine genitive complement of دِينُ.

Practice questions

Question 1

لَمْ يَكُنِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ … What is the grammatical role of مُنفَكِّينَ?

  • Accusative predicate of يَكُنِ
  • Subject of كَفَرُوا۟
  • Genitive complement
  • Direct object

Question 2

حَتَّىٰ تَأْتِيَهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ ۝١ What is the role of ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ after تَأْتِيَ?

  • Object
  • Nominative subject
  • Accusative circumstance
  • Genitive noun

Question 3

رَسُولٌ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ يَتْلُوا۟ صُحُفًا مُّطَهَّرَةً ۝٢ What is the role of صُحُفًا with يَتْلُوا۟?

  • Subject
  • Adjective
  • Accusative object
  • Predicate

Question 4

فِيهَا كُتُبٌ قَيِّمَةٌ ۝٣ What is the role of فِيهَا in this nominal sentence?

  • Delayed subject
  • Adjective
  • Object
  • Fronted predicate

Question 5

وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ … Who is the subject of تَفَرَّقَ?

  • ٱلَّذِينَ
  • ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ
  • مَا
  • An understood pronoun

Question 6

إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ ۝٤ What is attached هُم in جَآءَتْهُمُ?

  • Subject
  • Object pronoun
  • Genitive pronoun
  • Emphatic pronoun

Question 7

وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓا۟ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ حُنَفَآءَ … What is the role of ٱللَّهَ with يَعْبُدُوا۟?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Accusative object
  • Circumstance

Question 8

وَيُقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ دِينُ ٱلْقَيِّمَةِ ۝٥ What is ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ after يُقِيمُوا۟?

  • Subject
  • Genitive complement
  • Predicate
  • Accusative object

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