Ayahs 1–8 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Buruj — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 1
وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلْبُرُوجِ
Sentence structure
وَ is the oath preposition and ٱلسَّمَآءِ its genitive oath noun. ذَاتِ is a genitive adjective annexed to ٱلْبُرُوجِ.
Ayah summary
Allah swears by the sky containing great constellations.
وَٱلسَّمَآءِ — By the sky
Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition, ٱل the definite article, and سَّمَآءِ the genitive oath noun.
ذَاتِ — containing
Grammar: A genitive feminine-singular adjective of ٱلسَّمَآءِ, annexed to ٱلْبُرُوجِ.
ٱلْبُرُوجِ — the constellations
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; بُرُوجِ is the genitive complement of ذَاتِ.
2. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 2
وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْمَوْعُودِ
Sentence structure
وَٱلْيَوْمِ is coordinated with the preceding genitive oath noun, and ٱلْمَوْعُودِ is its matching genitive adjective.
Ayah summary
An oath is sworn by the promised Day of Resurrection.
وَٱلْيَوْمِ — And the Day
Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and يَوْمِ is a genitive noun coordinated with the preceding oath noun.
ٱلْمَوْعُودِ — Promised
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; مَوْعُودِ is a passive participle serving as the genitive adjective of ٱلْيَوْمِ.
3. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 3
وَشَاهِدٍۢ وَمَشْهُودٍۢ
Sentence structure
وَشَاهِدٍ is another coordinated genitive oath noun. وَمَشْهُودٍ is coordinated with it and is likewise genitive.
Ayah summary
An oath is sworn by the witness and what is witnessed.
وَشَاهِدٍۢ — And (the) witness
Grammar: وَ coordinates; شَاهِدٍ is an indefinite genitive active participle used as a noun in the oath series.
وَمَشْهُودٍۢ — and what is witnessed
Grammar: وَ coordinates; مَشْهُودٍ is an indefinite genitive passive participle coordinated with شَاهِدٍ.
4. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 4
قُتِلَ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْأُخْدُودِ
Sentence structure
قُتِلَ is passive perfect. أَصْحَـٰبُ is its nominative deputy subject and is annexed to ٱلْأُخْدُودِ.
Ayah summary
The people who dug the fiery trenches were cursed and destroyed.
قُتِلَ — Destroyed were
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive perfect.
أَصْحَـٰبُ — (the) companions
Grammar: A nominative masculine-plural deputy subject of قُتِلَ, annexed to ٱلْأُخْدُودِ.
ٱلْأُخْدُودِ — (of) the pit
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; أُخْدُودِ is the genitive complement of أَصْحَـٰبُ.
5. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 5
ٱلنَّارِ ذَاتِ ٱلْوَقُودِ
Sentence structure
ٱلنَّارِ is a genitive appositional noun explaining ٱلْأُخْدُودِ. ذَاتِ is its genitive adjective and is annexed to ٱلْوَقُودِ.
Ayah summary
They kindled a fire in the trenches with abundant fuel.
ٱلنَّارِ — (Of) the fire
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; نَّارِ is a genitive appositional noun explaining ٱلْأُخْدُودِ.
ذَاتِ — full
Grammar: A genitive feminine-singular adjective of ٱلنَّارِ, annexed to ٱلْوَقُودِ.
ٱلْوَقُودِ — (of) the fuel
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; وَقُودِ is the genitive complement of ذَاتِ.
6. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 6
إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌۭ
Sentence structure
إِذْ introduces the time clause. هُمْ is its topic, قُعُودٌ the nominative predicate, and عَلَيْهَا is linked to that predicate.
Ayah summary
They sat around that fire.
إِذْ — When
Grammar: A time adverb introducing the following nominal clause; its wider attachment is not made a scored fact.
هُمْ — they
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural detached pronoun functioning as the topic.
عَلَيْهَا — by it
Grammar: عَلَىٰ is a preposition and attached هَا its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to قُعُودٌ.
قُعُودٌۭ — (were) sitting
Grammar: An indefinite nominative verbal noun functioning as the predicate of هُمْ.
7. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 7
وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌۭ
Sentence structure
هُمْ is the topic and شُهُودٌ its predicate. عَلَىٰ مَا يَفْعَلُونَ is linked to the predicate; يَفْعَلُونَ is the relative clause of مَا with an omitted returning object.
Ayah summary
They watched the believers burn in the fire and showed them no mercy.
وَهُمْ — And they
Grammar: وَ coordinates, while هُمْ is a detached third-person masculine-plural pronoun functioning as the topic.
عَلَىٰ — over
Grammar: A preposition governing the following relative pronoun and linked to شُهُودٌ.
مَا — what
Grammar: A relative pronoun in the genitive position after عَلَىٰ; its relative clause follows.
يَفْعَلُونَ — they were doing
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural indicative imperfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject, final ن marks the indicative, and the returning object is omitted.
بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ — to the believers
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱل the definite article, and مُؤْمِنِينَ a masculine-plural active participle in the genitive, marked by yāʾ.
شُهُودٌۭ — witnesses
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-plural nominative active participle functioning as the predicate of هُمْ.
8. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 8
وَمَا نَقَمُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّآ أَن يُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَمِيدِ
Sentence structure
مَا negates نَقَمُوا۟. إِلَّآ restricts the statement to the verbal-noun clause أَن يُؤْمِنُوا۟; بِٱللَّهِ is linked to the verb and the last two words are genitive adjectives.
Ayah summary
The believers’ only offence was their faith in Allah, the Almighty and Praiseworthy.
وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a non-governing negative particle.
نَقَمُوا۟ — they resented
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
مِنْهُمْ — [of] them
Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to نَقَمُوا۟.
إِلَّآ — except
Grammar: A non-governing restrictive/exception particle introducing the sole stated cause.
أَن — that
Grammar: A subjunctive and verbal-noun particle making يُؤْمِنُوا۟ subjunctive.
يُؤْمِنُوا۟ — they believed
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural imperfect made subjunctive by أَن. Attached و is the subject; its indicative nūn is deleted and the final alif is orthographic.
بِٱللَّهِ — in Allah
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and ٱللَّهِ the genitive proper name linked to يُؤْمِنُوا۟.
ٱلْعَزِيزِ — the All-Mighty
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; عَزِيزِ is a masculine-singular genitive adjective of ٱللَّهِ.
ٱلْحَمِيدِ — the Praiseworthy
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; حَمِيدِ is a masculine-singular genitive adjective of ٱللَّهِ.