Ayahs 21–30 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Fajr — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 21
كَلَّآ إِذَا دُكَّتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ دَكًّۭا دَكًّۭا Sentence structure كَلَّآ restrains; إِذَا introduces the time condition. دُكَّتِ is a passive perfect, ٱلْأَرْضُ its deputy subject, and the two instances of دَكًّۭا emphasize the verbal action. Ayah summary Never; when the earth is repeatedly crushed and levelled. كَلَّآ — Nay Grammar: A particle of deterrence and rejection with no syntactic government. إِذَا — When Grammar: A non-governing time/condition adverb introducing the passive clause; its result comes later with يَقُولُ. دُكَّتِ — is leveled Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; final تِ is the feminine marker moved with kasrah before the next consonant. ٱلْأَرْضُ — the earth Grammar: ٱل defines the feminine-singular nominative deputy subject of the passive verb. دَكًّۭا — pounded Grammar: An indefinite masculine cognate accusative emphasizing دُكَّتِ. دَكًّۭا — (and) crushed Grammar: A second indefinite masculine cognate accusative, coordinated/repeated for emphasis.
2. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 22
وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَٱلْمَلَكُ صَفًّۭا صَفًّۭا Sentence structure جَآءَ is a perfect verb with رَبُّكَ as subject. وَٱلْمَلَكُ is coordinated as another subject, while both instances of صَفًّۭا are circumstantial accusatives. Ayah summary The Lord's majestic manifestation, befitting His glory, will appear, and the angels will come rank upon rank. وَجَآءَ — And comes Grammar: وَ coordinates; جَآءَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect used in the future scene. رَبُّكَ — your Lord Grammar: رَبُّ is the nominative subject of جَآءَ; attached كَ is a genitive possessor. وَٱلْمَلَكُ — and the Angels Grammar: وَ coordinates and ٱلْمَلَكُ is a definite nominative noun coordinated with the subject. صَفًّۭا — rank Grammar: An indefinite masculine circumstantial accusative describing the manner of the angels' arrival. صَفًّۭا — (upon) rank Grammar: A second indefinite masculine circumstantial accusative, coordinated/repeated with the first.
3. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 23
وَجِا۟ىٓءَ يَوْمَئِذٍۭ بِجَهَنَّمَ ۚ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُ ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ Sentence structure وَجِا۟ىٓءَ is a passive perfect, with بِجَهَنَّمَ attached to it. يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is a verbal clause with an explicit subject; وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُ ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ asks how remembrance could then benefit him. Ayah summary Hell will be brought forward, and then a person will understand, but that understanding will be of no use. وَجِا۟ىٓءَ — And is brought Grammar: وَ coordinates; جِا۟ىٓءَ is a third-person masculine-singular passive perfect. يَوْمَئِذٍۭ — that Day Grammar: يَوْمَ is an accusative time adverb; إِذٍ is annexed to it, with tanwīn compensating for the omitted clause. This phrase is linked to «جِا۟ىٓءَ». بِجَهَنَّمَ ۚ — Hell Grammar: بِ is a preposition; جَهَنَّمَ is a diptote proper noun governed in the genitive and therefore marked with fatḥah. يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — That Day Grammar: يَوْمَ is an accusative time adverb linked to يَتَذَكَّرُ; إِذٍ is its genitive complement. يَتَذَكَّرُ — will remember Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man Grammar: ٱل defines the masculine-singular nominative subject of يَتَذَكَّرُ. وَأَنَّىٰ — but how Grammar: وَ resumes and أَنَّىٰ is an interrogative adverb asking how/whence. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. لَهُ — (will be) for him Grammar: لِ is a preposition and attached هُ a masculine-singular pronoun in the genitive position. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ — the remembrance Grammar: ٱل defines the feminine-singular nominative noun in the interrogative nominal clause. An omitted predicate is associated with «ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ».
4. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 24
يَقُولُ يَـٰلَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى Sentence structure يَقُولُ is the result linked to the preceding time clause, with understood subject هُوَ. يَـٰلَيْتَنِى opens a wish construction: attached نِى is the noun of لَيْتَ, and قَدَّمْتُ its predicate clause. Ayah summary He will regretfully say that he wishes he had sent good deeds ahead for his true life. يَقُولُ — He will say Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject هُوَ, functioning as the response to the earlier time condition. يَـٰلَيْتَنِى — O I wish Grammar: يَا alerts, لَيْتَ is a particle of wish and accusative, نِ protective nūn, and attached ى its noun. قَدَّمْتُ — I had sent forth Grammar: A Form II first-person singular perfect; attached تُ is the subject, and the clause is the predicate of لَيْتَ. لِحَيَاتِى — for my life Grammar: لِ is a preposition; حَيَاتِ is its feminine genitive noun and attached ى a genitive possessor. This phrase is linked to «قَدَّمْتُ».
5. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 25
فَيَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُۥٓ أَحَدٌۭ Sentence structure فَيَوْمَئِذٍۢ is a time expression. لَّا يُعَذِّبُ is a negative imperfect clause; عَذَابَهُۥٓ is the object and أَحَدٌۭ the delayed subject. Ayah summary On that day, no one will be able to punish as Allah punishes. فَيَوْمَئِذٍۢ — So that Day Grammar: فَ resumes/results; يَوْمَ is an accusative time adverb and إِذٍ its genitive complement. This phrase is linked to «يُعَذِّبُ». لَّا — not Grammar: A non-governing negative particle before an indicative imperfect. يُعَذِّبُ — will punish Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect. عَذَابَهُۥٓ — (as) His punishment Grammar: عَذَابَ is the accusative object of يُعَذِّبُ; attached هُۥ is a genitive possessor. أَحَدٌۭ — anyone Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative delayed subject of يُعَذِّبُ.
6. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 26
وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُۥٓ أَحَدٌۭ Sentence structure وَلَا يُوثِقُ is coordinated with the preceding negative clause. وَثَاقَهُۥٓ is the object of the Form IV imperfect, and أَحَدٌۭ is its delayed subject. Ayah summary And no one will be able to bind as severely as He binds. وَلَا — And not Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا is non-governing negation. يُوثِقُ — will bind Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect. وَثَاقَهُۥٓ — (as) His binding Grammar: وَثَاقَ is the accusative object of يُوثِقُ; attached هُۥ is a genitive possessor. أَحَدٌۭ — anyone Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative delayed subject of يُوثِقُ.
7. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 27
يَـٰٓأَيَّتُهَا ٱلنَّفْسُ ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ Sentence structure يَـٰٓأَيَّتُهَا is a vocative expression: يَا calls, and أَيَّتُهَا supports the address. ٱلنَّفْسُ clarifies the addressee, and ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ is its adjective. Ayah summary O soul that found tranquillity through the remembrance and obedience of Allah. يَـٰٓأَيَّتُهَا — O Grammar: يَا is a vocative particle; أَيَّةُ is the built vocative support noun in the nominative form, and هَا an alert particle. ٱلنَّفْسُ — soul Grammar: ٱل defines the feminine-singular nominative apposition/clarifier of أَيَّةُ. ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ — who is satisfied Grammar: ٱل defines the feminine-singular nominative adjective of ٱلنَّفْسُ.
8. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 28
ٱرْجِعِىٓ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةًۭ مَّرْضِيَّةًۭ Sentence structure ٱرْجِعِىٓ is a feminine-singular imperative; attached ى is its subject. إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ is linked to it, while رَاضِيَةًۭ and مَّرْضِيَّةًۭ are two circumstantial accusatives. Ayah summary Return to your Lord, pleased with Him and pleasing to Him. ٱرْجِعِىٓ — Return Grammar: A second-person feminine-singular imperative; attached ى is the subject. إِلَىٰ — to Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun. This phrase is linked to «ٱرْجِعِىٓ». رَبِّكِ — your Lord Grammar: رَبِّ is a masculine genitive noun governed by إِلَىٰ; attached feminine كِ is a genitive possessor. رَاضِيَةًۭ — well pleased Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular circumstantial accusative describing the addressed soul. مَّرْضِيَّةًۭ — and pleasing Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular passive-participle circumstantial accusative, coordinated with رَاضِيَةًۭ.
9. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 29
فَٱدْخُلِى فِى عِبَـٰدِى Sentence structure فَٱدْخُلِى is a feminine-singular imperative; attached ى is the subject. فِى عِبَـٰدِى is linked to the command, and attached ى in عِبَـٰدِى is a genitive possessor. Ayah summary Then enter among My chosen servants. فَٱدْخُلِى — So enter Grammar: فَ coordinates/results; ٱدْخُلِى is a second-person feminine-singular imperative and attached ى its subject. فِى — among Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun. This phrase is linked to «ٱدْخُلِى». عِبَـٰدِى — My slaves Grammar: عِبَادِ is a masculine-plural genitive noun governed by فِى; attached ى is a genitive possessor.
10. Surah Al-Fajr · Ayah 30
وَٱدْخُلِى جَنَّتِى Sentence structure وَٱدْخُلِى is coordinated with the preceding feminine-singular command; attached ى is its subject. جَنَّتِى is the object and its final ى is a genitive possessor. Ayah summary And enter My Paradise. وَٱدْخُلِى — And enter Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱدْخُلِى is a second-person feminine-singular imperative and attached ى its subject. جَنَّتِى — My Paradise Grammar: جَنَّتَ is the feminine-singular accusative object; attached ى is a genitive possessor.
Practice questions
Question 1
كَلَّآ إِذَا دُكَّتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ دَكًّۭا دَكًّۭا ٢١ What is ٱلْأَرْضُ with passive دُكَّتِ?
- Deputy subject
- Object
- Predicate
- Adjective
Question 2
وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَٱلْمَلَكُ صَفًّۭا صَفًّۭا ٢٢ What is the first صَفًّۭا?
- Subject
- Circumstantial accusative
- Object
- Genitive adjective
Question 3
وَجِا۟ىٓءَ يَوْمَئِذٍۭ بِجَهَنَّمَ ۚ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُ ٱلذِّكْرَىٰ ٢٣ What is ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ with يَتَذَكَّرُ?
- Object
- Predicate
- Nominative subject
- Genitive noun
Question 4
يَقُولُ يَـٰلَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى ٢٤ What is attached تُ in قَدَّمْتُ?
- Object
- Possessor
- Adjective
- Subject
Question 5
فَيَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُۥٓ أَحَدٌۭ ٢٥ What is أَحَدٌۭ with يُعَذِّبُ?
- Delayed nominative subject
- Object
- Predicate
- Adjective
Question 6
وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُۥٓ أَحَدٌۭ ٢٦ What form is يُوثِقُ?
- Form II
- Form IV
- Form V
- Form VI
Question 7
يَـٰٓأَيَّتُهَا ٱلنَّفْسُ ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ ٢٧ What is ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ?
- Object
- Predicate
- Nominative adjective of ٱلنَّفْسُ
- Genitive noun
Question 8
ٱرْجِعِىٓ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةًۭ مَّرْضِيَّةًۭ ٢٨ What is رَاضِيَةًۭ?
- Subject
- Object
- Predicate
- Circumstantial accusative
Question 9
فَٱدْخُلِى فِى عِبَـٰدِى ٢٩ What is attached ى in فَٱدْخُلِى?
- Feminine-singular subject
- Object
- Possessor
- Indicative marker
Question 10
وَٱدْخُلِى جَنَّتِى ٣٠ What is جَنَّتِى with وَٱدْخُلِى?
- Subject
- Accusative object
- Predicate
- Prepositional noun
Open the interactive quiz