Surah Al-Falaq — Part 1

Ayahs 1–5 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Falaq — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Falaq · Ayah 1

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ ٱلْفَلَقِ ۝١ Sentence structure Imperative قُلْ has the hidden subject «أَنْتَ» and introduces أَعُوذُ, whose hidden subject is «أَنَا». بِرَبِّ is explicitly linked to أَعُوذُ, and ٱلْفَلَقِ completes the annexation. Ayah summary Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak. قُلْ — Say A second-person masculine-singular imperative; its subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنْتَ». أَعُوذُ — I seek refuge A first-person singular imperfect; its subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنَا». بِرَبِّ — in (the) Lord Preposition بِ governs genitive رَبِّ, which is the first term of an annexation; the phrase is explicitly linked to أَعُوذُ. ٱلْفَلَقِ — (of) the dawn A definite masculine genitive noun serving as the second term after رَبِّ.

2. Surah Al-Falaq · Ayah 2

مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ ۝٢ Sentence structure مِن شَرِّ is a prepositional phrase linked to أَعُوذُ in the preceding ayah. شَرِّ is genitive and annexed to مَا, while خَلَقَ has the hidden subject «هُوَ». Ayah summary From the evil of everything He created. مِن — From A preposition governing the following noun; its phrase is linked to أَعُوذُ in the preceding ayah. شَرِّ — (the) evil A masculine genitive noun governed by مِن and serving as the first term of an annexation. مَا — (of) what A word linked to شَرِّ and followed by the clause خَلَقَ. خَلَقَ — He created A third-person masculine-singular perfect forming the clause after مَا; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».

3. Surah Al-Falaq · Ayah 3

وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ ۝٣ Sentence structure وَمِن شَرِّ continues the coordinated refuge phrases. غَاسِقٍ is genitive after شَرِّ. Temporal إِذَا is attached through an omitted circumstantial element associated with غَاسِقٍ. Perfect وَقَبَ has the hidden subject «هُوَ». Ayah summary And from the evil of night’s darkness when it settles. وَمِن — And from وَ coordinates and مِن is a preposition. شَرِّ — (the) evil A masculine genitive noun governed by مِن and serving as the first term of an annexation. غَاسِقٍ — (of) darkness An indefinite masculine genitive active participle serving as the second term after شَرِّ. إِذَا — when A temporal adverb introducing the following clause. It is attached through an omitted circumstantial element associated with غَاسِقٍ. وَقَبَ — it spreads A third-person masculine-singular perfect in the clause after إِذَا; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».

4. Surah Al-Falaq · Ayah 4

وَمِن شَرِّ ٱلنَّفَّـٰثَـٰتِ فِى ٱلْعُقَدِ ۝٤ Sentence structure وَمِن شَرِّ continues the coordinated refuge phrases. ٱلنَّفَّـٰثَـٰتِ is genitive after شَرِّ, and فِى ٱلْعُقَدِ is explicitly linked to ٱلنَّفَّـٰثَـٰتِ. Ayah summary And from the evil of those who blow upon knots. وَمِن — And from وَ coordinates and مِن is a preposition. شَرِّ — (the) evil A masculine genitive noun governed by مِن and serving as the first term of an annexation. ٱلنَّفَّـٰثَـٰتِ — (of) the blowers A definite feminine-plural genitive noun serving as the second term after شَرِّ. فِى — in A preposition governing the following noun; its phrase is explicitly linked to ٱلنَّفَّـٰثَـٰتِ. ٱلْعُقَدِ — the knots A definite plural genitive noun governed by فِى.

5. Surah Al-Falaq · Ayah 5

وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ ۝٥ Sentence structure وَمِن شَرِّ continues the coordinated refuge phrases. Active participle حَاسِدٍ is genitive after شَرِّ. Temporal إِذَا is attached through an omitted circumstantial element associated with حَاسِدٍ. Perfect حَسَدَ has the hidden subject «هُوَ». Ayah summary And from the evil of an envier when he envies. وَمِن — And from وَ coordinates and مِن is a preposition. شَرِّ — (the) evil A masculine genitive noun governed by مِن and serving as the first term of an annexation. حَاسِدٍ — (of) an envier An indefinite masculine genitive active participle serving as the second term after شَرِّ. إِذَا — when A temporal adverb introducing the following clause. It is attached through an omitted circumstantial element associated with حَاسِدٍ. حَسَدَ — he envies A third-person masculine-singular perfect in the clause after إِذَا; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».

Practice questions

Question 1

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ ٱلْفَلَقِ ۝١ What is the person and form of أَعُوذُ?

  • First-person singular imperfect
  • Second-person imperative
  • Third-person perfect
  • Passive imperfect

Question 2

مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ ۝٢ What is the case of شَرِّ after مِن?

  • Nominative
  • Genitive
  • Accusative
  • Jussive

Question 3

وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ ۝٣ What is the morphological class of غَاسِقٍ?

  • Perfect verb
  • Preposition
  • Active participle
  • Passive participle

Question 4

وَمِن شَرِّ ٱلنَّفَّـٰثَـٰتِ فِى ٱلْعُقَدِ ۝٤ What is the case of ٱلْعُقَدِ after فِى?

  • Nominative
  • Accusative
  • Jussive
  • Genitive

Question 5

وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ ۝٥ What is the morphological class of حَاسِدٍ?

  • Active participle
  • Passive participle
  • Imperative verb
  • Temporal adverb

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