Ayahs 1–9 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Ghashiyah — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 1
هَلْ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ ٱلْغَـٰشِيَةِ
Sentence structure
هَلْ opens the question. أَتَىٰكَ is the verb, attached كَ its object, and حَدِيثُ its subject; ٱلْغَـٰشِيَةِ completes the annexation.
Ayah summary
Has the news of the overwhelming Day of Resurrection reached you?
هَلْ — Has
Grammar: An interrogative particle with no case governance.
أَتَىٰكَ — (there) come to you
Grammar: أَتَىٰ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect; attached كَ is its second-person masculine-singular object.
حَدِيثُ — (the) news
Grammar: A masculine-singular nominative subject of أَتَىٰ, annexed to the next noun.
ٱلْغَـٰشِيَةِ — (of) the Overwhelming
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; غَـٰشِيَةِ is a feminine-singular genitive active participle functioning as the annexed complement.
2. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 2
وُجُوهٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَـٰشِعَةٌ
Sentence structure
وُجُوهٌ is the nominative topic and خَـٰشِعَةٌ its predicate. يَوْمَئِذٍ is a time expression linked to the predicate.
Ayah summary
On that day, many faces will be humiliated.
وُجُوهٌۭ — Faces
Grammar: An indefinite broken-plural nominative topic.
يَوْمَئِذٍ — that Day
Grammar: A time expression in the accusative position, linked to the predicate. This phrase is linked to «وُجُوهٌ».
خَـٰشِعَةٌ — (will be) humbled
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative active participle serving as predicate.
3. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 3
عَامِلَةٌۭ نَّاصِبَةٌۭ
Sentence structure
عَامِلَةٌ and نَّاصِبَةٌ continue the description of the faces; both are feminine-singular nominative active participles.
Ayah summary
They will be worn out by severe toil.
عَامِلَةٌۭ — Laboring
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative active participle continuing the description of وُجُوهٌ.
نَّاصِبَةٌۭ — exhausted
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative active participle coordinated in the same description.
4. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 4
تَصْلَىٰ نَارًا حَامِيَةًۭ
Sentence structure
تَصْلَىٰ has the preceding faces as its understood subject. نَارًا is the object and حَامِيَةً its accusative adjective.
Ayah summary
They will enter a blazing fire.
تَصْلَىٰ — They will burn
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular indicative imperfect with an understood subject referring to the faces.
نَارًا — (in) a Fire
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular accusative object of تَصْلَىٰ.
حَامِيَةًۭ — intensely hot
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular accusative adjective of نَارًا.
5. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 5
تُسْقَىٰ مِنْ عَيْنٍ ءَانِيَةٍۢ
Sentence structure
تُسْقَىٰ is a passive imperfect whose understood deputy subject refers to the faces. مِنْ عَيْنٍ is linked to it, and ءَانِيَةٍ describes the spring.
Ayah summary
They will be given water from a boiling spring.
تُسْقَىٰ — They will be given to drink
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive imperfect; its deputy subject is understood from the preceding faces.
مِنْ — from
Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun in the genitive. This phrase is linked to «تُسْقَىٰ».
عَيْنٍ — a spring
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive noun governed by مِنْ.
ءَانِيَةٍۢ — boiling
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive active-participle adjective of عَيْنٍ.
6. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 6
لَّيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ إِلَّا مِن ضَرِيعٍۢ
Sentence structure
لَّيْسَ is a defective negative verb. لَهُمْ is its fronted predicate and طَعَامٌ its delayed noun; إِلَّا مِن ضَرِيعٍ states the exception.
Ayah summary
They will have no food except the thorny plant called dari‘.
لَّيْسَ — Not is
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular defective negative verb of the كَانَ class.
لَهُمْ — for them
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and هُمْ a third-person masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate of لَيْسَ.
طَعَامٌ — food
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative delayed noun of لَيْسَ.
إِلَّا — except
Grammar: An exception particle.
مِن — from
Grammar: A preposition beginning the excepted phrase. This phrase is linked to «طَعَامٌ».
ضَرِيعٍۢ — a bitter thorny plant
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive noun governed by مِن.
7. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 7
لَّا يُسْمِنُ وَلَا يُغْنِى مِن جُوعٍۢ
Sentence structure
لَا يُسْمِنُ is a negative verbal clause; وَلَا يُغْنِى is coordinated with it. Both verbs have an understood subject referring to the food, and مِن جُوعٍ is linked to the second verb.
Ayah summary
That food will neither nourish the body nor relieve hunger.
لَّا — Not
Grammar: A non-governing negative particle.
يُسْمِنُ — it nourishes
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular Form IV indicative imperfect with an understood subject referring to the food.
وَلَا — and not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا negates without governing case.
يُغْنِى — it avails
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular Form IV indicative imperfect with an understood subject referring to the food.
مِن — from
Grammar: A preposition linked to يُغْنِى.
جُوعٍۢ — hunger
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive noun governed by مِن.
8. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 8
وُجُوهٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ نَّاعِمَةٌۭ
Sentence structure
وُجُوهٌ is the nominative topic and نَّاعِمَةٌ its predicate. يَوْمَئِذٍ is the time expression linked to the predicate.
Ayah summary
On that day, many faces will be radiant.
وُجُوهٌۭ — Faces
Grammar: An indefinite broken-plural nominative topic. Across the ayah boundary, «وُجُوهٌ» carries into this ayah with an omitted predicate.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day
Grammar: A time expression linked to the predicate. This phrase is linked to «وُجُوهٌ».
نَّاعِمَةٌۭ — (will be) joyful
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative active participle serving as predicate.
9. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 9
لِّسَعْيِهَا رَاضِيَةٌۭ
Sentence structure
لِّسَعْيِهَا is a prepositional phrase linked to رَاضِيَةٌ, which continues the description of the faces. Attached هَا is a genitive possessor.
Ayah summary
They will rejoice at the good outcome of their righteous effort.
لِّسَعْيِهَا — With their effort
Grammar: لِ is a preposition, سَعْيِ its genitive noun, and attached هَا a third-person feminine-singular possessor. This phrase is linked to «رَاضِيَةٌ».
رَاضِيَةٌۭ — satisfied
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative active participle continuing the predicate/description of the faces.