Surah Al-Ghashiyah — Part 2

Ayahs 10–18 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Ghashiyah — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 10

فِى جَنَّةٍ عَالِيَةٍۢ Sentence structure فِى جَنَّةٍ is a prepositional phrase completing the description of the blessed faces, and عَالِيَةٍ is the genitive adjective of جَنَّةٍ. Ayah summary They will be in a lofty garden. فِى — In Grammar: A preposition. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. جَنَّةٍ — a garden Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive noun governed by فِى. عَالِيَةٍۢ — elevated Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive active-participle adjective of جَنَّةٍ.

2. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 11

لَّا تَسْمَعُ فِيهَا لَـٰغِيَةًۭ Sentence structure لَا negates تَسْمَعُ, whose understood subject is أَنْتَ. فِيهَا is linked to the verb and لَـٰغِيَةً is its object. Ayah summary No vain or hurtful speech will be heard there. لَّا — Not Grammar: A non-governing negative particle. تَسْمَعُ — they will hear Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنْتَ. فِيهَا — therein Grammar: فِى is a preposition and attached هَا a third-person feminine-singular genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «تَسْمَعُ». لَـٰغِيَةًۭ — vain talk Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular accusative object of تَسْمَعُ.

3. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 12

فِيهَا عَيْنٌۭ جَارِيَةٌۭ Sentence structure فِيهَا is the fronted predicate and عَيْنٌ the delayed topic. جَارِيَةٌ is its nominative adjective. Ayah summary A spring will be flowing in that garden. فِيهَا — Therein Grammar: A prepositional phrase serving as the fronted predicate; attached هَا is genitive. عَيْنٌۭ — (will be) a spring Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative delayed topic. جَارِيَةٌۭ — flowing Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative active-participle adjective of عَيْنٌ.

4. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 13

فِيهَا سُرُرٌۭ مَّرْفُوعَةٌۭ Sentence structure فِيهَا is the fronted predicate and سُرُرٌ the delayed topic. مَّرْفُوعَةٌ is its nominative adjective. Ayah summary Raised couches will be spread there. فِيهَا — Therein Grammar: A prepositional phrase serving as the fronted predicate; attached هَا is genitive. سُرُرٌۭ — (will be) thrones Grammar: An indefinite broken-plural nominative delayed topic. مَّرْفُوعَةٌۭ — raised high Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative passive-participle adjective of سُرُرٌ.

5. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 14

وَأَكْوَابٌۭ مَّوْضُوعَةٌۭ Sentence structure وَأَكْوَابٌ is coordinated with the preceding nominative noun, and مَّوْضُوعَةٌ is its nominative adjective. Ayah summary Drinking cups will be set out ready before them. وَأَكْوَابٌۭ — And cups Grammar: وَ coordinates; أَكْوَابٌ is an indefinite broken-plural nominative noun. مَّوْضُوعَةٌۭ — put in place Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative passive-participle adjective of أَكْوَابٌ.

6. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 15

وَنَمَارِقُ مَصْفُوفَةٌۭ Sentence structure وَنَمَارِقُ is another coordinated nominative noun, and مَصْفُوفَةٌ is its nominative adjective. Ayah summary Cushions will be arranged neatly in rows. وَنَمَارِقُ — And cushions Grammar: وَ coordinates; نَمَارِقُ is an indefinite broken-plural nominative noun. مَصْفُوفَةٌۭ — lined up Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative passive-participle adjective of نَمَارِقُ.

7. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 16

وَزَرَابِىُّ مَبْثُوثَةٌ Sentence structure وَزَرَابِىُّ is another coordinated nominative noun, and مَبْثُوثَةٌ is its nominative adjective. Ayah summary Fine carpets will be spread throughout the garden. وَزَرَابِىُّ — And carpets Grammar: وَ coordinates; زَرَابِىُّ is an indefinite broken-plural nominative noun. مَبْثُوثَةٌ — spread out Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular nominative passive-participle adjective of زَرَابِىُّ.

8. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 17

أَفَلَا يَنظُرُونَ إِلَى ٱلْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ Sentence structure أَفَلَا opens a reproachful question. يَنظُرُونَ has attached و as subject; إِلَى ٱلْإِبِلِ is linked to it, while كَيْفَ describes the manner of passive خُلِقَتْ. Ayah summary Do they not reflect on the remarkable creation of the camel? أَفَلَا — Then do not Grammar: أَ is interrogative, فَ connective, and لَا non-governing negation. يَنظُرُونَ — they look Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural indicative imperfect; attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative. إِلَى — towards Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun. This phrase is linked to «يَنظُرُونَ». ٱلْإِبِلِ — the camels Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; إِبِلِ is a genitive collective noun governed by إِلَى. كَيْفَ — how Grammar: An interrogative adverb functioning as a circumstantial expression for the following passive verb. خُلِقَتْ — they are created Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; its deputy subject is an understood pronoun referring to the camels.

9. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 18

وَإِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ Sentence structure وَإِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ is coordinated with the preceding prepositional phrase. كَيْفَ describes the manner of passive رُفِعَتْ. Ayah summary Do they not reflect on how the sky was raised without visible supports? وَإِلَى — And towards Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَى is a preposition. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «يَنظُرُونَ». ٱلسَّمَآءِ — the sky Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; سَّمَآءِ is a feminine-singular genitive noun governed by إِلَى. كَيْفَ — how Grammar: An interrogative adverb functioning as a circumstantial expression for رُفِعَتْ. رُفِعَتْ — it is raised Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; its understood deputy subject refers to the sky.

Practice questions

Question 1

فِى جَنَّةٍ عَالِيَةٍۢ ۝١٠ What is عَالِيَةٍ?

  • Subject
  • Genitive adjective of جَنَّةٍ
  • Object
  • Perfect verb

Question 2

لَّا تَسْمَعُ فِيهَا لَـٰغِيَةًۭ ۝١١ What is لَـٰغِيَةً with تَسْمَعُ?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Accusative object
  • Genitive noun

Question 3

فِيهَا عَيْنٌۭ جَارِيَةٌۭ ۝١٢ What is فِيهَا in this nominal clause?

  • Delayed topic
  • Object
  • Adjective
  • Fronted predicate

Question 4

فِيهَا سُرُرٌۭ مَّرْفُوعَةٌۭ ۝١٣ What type of word is مَّرْفُوعَةٌ?

  • Passive participle adjective
  • Active participle
  • Perfect verb
  • Preposition

Question 5

وَأَكْوَابٌۭ مَّوْضُوعَةٌۭ ۝١٤ What does وَ do in وَأَكْوَابٌ?

  • Negates
  • Coordinates
  • Makes accusative
  • Introduces an oath

Question 6

وَنَمَارِقُ مَصْفُوفَةٌۭ ۝١٥ What is مَصْفُوفَةٌ with نَمَارِقُ?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Nominative adjective
  • Genitive complement

Question 7

وَزَرَابِىُّ مَبْثُوثَةٌ ۝١٦ What is مَبْثُوثَةٌ with زَرَابِىُّ?

  • Perfect verb
  • Object
  • Predicate of إِنَّ
  • Nominative adjective

Question 8

أَفَلَا يَنظُرُونَ إِلَى ٱلْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ ۝١٧ What is attached و in يَنظُرُونَ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Genitive possessor
  • Negation

Question 9

وَإِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ ۝١٨ What voice is رُفِعَتْ?

  • Active imperative
  • Passive perfect
  • Active imperfect
  • Noun

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