Surah Al-Ghashiyah — Part 3

Ayahs 19–26 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Ghashiyah — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 19

وَإِلَى ٱلْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ Sentence structure وَإِلَى ٱلْجِبَالِ is coordinated with the preceding phrase. كَيْفَ describes the manner of passive نُصِبَتْ. Ayah summary Do they not reflect on how the mountains were firmly established? وَإِلَى — And towards Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَى is a preposition. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «يَنظُرُونَ». ٱلْجِبَالِ — the mountains Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; جِبَالِ is a genitive broken plural governed by إِلَى. كَيْفَ — how Grammar: An interrogative adverb functioning as a circumstantial expression for نُصِبَتْ. نُصِبَتْ — they are fixed Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; its understood deputy subject refers to the mountains.

2. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 20

وَإِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ Sentence structure وَإِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ is coordinated with the preceding phrase. كَيْفَ describes the manner of passive سُطِحَتْ. Ayah summary Do they not reflect on how the earth was spread out for living and travel? وَإِلَى — And towards Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَى is a preposition. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «يَنظُرُونَ». ٱلْأَرْضِ — the earth Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; أَرْضِ is a feminine-singular genitive noun governed by إِلَى. كَيْفَ — how Grammar: An interrogative adverb functioning as a circumstantial expression for سُطِحَتْ. سُطِحَتْ — it is spread out Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; its understood deputy subject refers to the earth.

3. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 21

فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرٌۭ Sentence structure فَذَكِّرْ is an imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ. إِنَّمَآ restricts the statement; أَنتَ is the topic and مُذَكِّرٌ its predicate. Ayah summary Continue to remind, for your task is to convey the reminder. فَذَكِّرْ — So remind Grammar: فَ resumes; ذَكِّرْ is a second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative with obligatory understood subject أَنْتَ and omitted object. إِنَّمَآ — only Grammar: إِنَّ is emphatic and مَا restrains its governance, together forming a restriction particle. أَنتَ — you Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular detached pronoun functioning as nominative topic. مُذَكِّرٌۭ — (are) a reminder Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative Form II active participle functioning as predicate.

4. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 22

لَّسْتَ عَلَيْهِم بِمُصَيْطِرٍ Sentence structure لَّسْتَ is a defective negative verb and attached تَ its noun. بِمُصَيْطِرٍ is its predicate, with an extra emphatic bāʾ, and عَلَيْهِم is linked to that predicate. Ayah summary You are not an overseer imposed upon people to force them to believe. لَّسْتَ — You are not Grammar: لَسْ is a defective negative perfect; attached تَ is its second-person masculine-singular noun. عَلَيْهِم — over them Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached هِم a third-person masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to the predicate. This phrase is linked to «مُصَيْطِرٍ». بِمُصَيْطِرٍ — a controller Grammar: بِ is an extra emphatic preposition; مُصَيْطِرٍ is a genitive-in-form active participle functioning as the predicate of لَيْسَ in the accusative position.

5. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 23

إِلَّا مَن تَوَلَّىٰ وَكَفَرَ Sentence structure إِلَّا مَن introduces the excepted person. تَوَلَّىٰ is the relative clause, and وَكَفَرَ is coordinated with it; both have understood subjects. Ayah summary Some people, however, will turn away and disbelieve. إِلَّا — But Grammar: An exception particle. مَن — whoever Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun introducing the excepted person; its following clause is the relative clause. تَوَلَّىٰ — turns away Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular Form V perfect with understood subject هُوَ. وَكَفَرَ — and disbelieves Grammar: وَ coordinates; كَفَرَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

6. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 24

فَيُعَذِّبُهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَكْبَرَ Sentence structure فَيُعَذِّبُهُ is the verb with attached هُ as object. ٱللَّهُ is the subject; ٱلْعَذَابَ is a cognate accusative and ٱلْأَكْبَرَ its adjective. Ayah summary Allah will subject him to the greatest punishment. فَيُعَذِّبُهُ — Then will punish him Grammar: فَ resumes, يُعَذِّبُ is a third-person masculine-singular Form II indicative imperfect, and attached هُ its object. ٱللَّهُ — Allah Grammar: A nominative proper noun serving as the subject of يُعَذِّبُ. ٱلْعَذَابَ — (with) the punishment Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; عَذَابَ is an accusative cognate object emphasizing يُعَذِّبُ. ٱلْأَكْبَرَ — greatest Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; أَكْبَرَ is a masculine-singular accusative adjective of ٱلْعَذَابَ.

7. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 25

إِنَّ إِلَيْنَآ إِيَابَهُمْ Sentence structure إِنَّ opens an emphatic clause. إِلَيْنَآ is the fronted predicate and إِيَابَهُمْ the delayed noun of إِنَّ; attached هُمْ is a possessor. Ayah summary Surely everyone must return to Us alone. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An accusative/emphatic particle opening a nominal clause. إِلَيْنَآ — to Us Grammar: إِلَى is a preposition and attached نَآ a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate of إِنَّ. إِيَابَهُمْ — (will be) their return Grammar: إِيَابَ is the delayed accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached هُمْ is a third-person masculine-plural possessor.

8. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 26

ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا حِسَابَهُم Sentence structure ثُمَّ coordinates with delay, and إِنَّ opens the emphatic clause. عَلَيْنَا is the fronted predicate and حِسَابَهُم the delayed noun; attached هُم is a possessor. Ayah summary Then it is for Us to take a full account from them. ثُمَّ — Then Grammar: A conjunction marking sequence with delay. إِنَّ — indeed Grammar: An accusative/emphatic particle opening a nominal clause. عَلَيْنَا — upon Us Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached نَا a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate of إِنَّ. حِسَابَهُم — (is) their account Grammar: حِسَابَ is the delayed accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached هُم is a third-person masculine-plural possessor.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَإِلَى ٱلْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ ۝١٩ What is كَيْفَ here?

  • Preposition
  • Object
  • Interrogative circumstantial expression
  • Conjunction

Question 2

وَإِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ ۝٢٠ Which morphology describes سُطِحَتْ?

  • Perfect active verb, third-person feminine singular
  • Imperfect passive verb, third-person feminine singular
  • Imperative verb, second-person feminine singular
  • Perfect passive verb, third-person feminine singular

Question 3

فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرٌۭ ۝٢١ What is مُذَكِّرٌ with أَنتَ?

  • Nominative predicate
  • Object
  • Genitive noun
  • Subject of a verb

Question 4

لَّسْتَ عَلَيْهِم بِمُصَيْطِرٍ ۝٢٢ What is attached تَ in لَّسْتَ?

  • Object
  • Noun of لَيْسَ
  • Genitive possessor
  • Adjective

Question 5

إِلَّا مَن تَوَلَّىٰ وَكَفَرَ ۝٢٣ What is وَكَفَرَ with تَوَلَّىٰ?

  • Its object
  • Its subject
  • A coordinated perfect verb
  • A prepositional phrase

Question 6

فَيُعَذِّبُهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَكْبَرَ ۝٢٤ What is ٱلْعَذَابَ with يُعَذِّبُ?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement
  • Accusative cognate object

Question 7

إِنَّ إِلَيْنَآ إِيَابَهُمْ ۝٢٥ What is إِيَابَهُمْ after إِنَّ?

  • Its delayed accusative noun
  • Its predicate
  • Subject of a verb
  • Preposition

Question 8

ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا حِسَابَهُم ۝٢٦ What is عَلَيْنَا in this clause?

  • Delayed noun of إِنَّ
  • Fronted predicate of إِنَّ
  • Object
  • Adjective

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