Ayahs 19–26 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Ghashiyah — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 19
وَإِلَى ٱلْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ
Sentence structure
وَإِلَى ٱلْجِبَالِ is coordinated with the preceding phrase. كَيْفَ describes the manner of passive نُصِبَتْ.
Ayah summary
Do they not reflect on how the mountains were firmly established?
وَإِلَى — And towards
Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَى is a preposition. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «يَنظُرُونَ».
ٱلْجِبَالِ — the mountains
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; جِبَالِ is a genitive broken plural governed by إِلَى.
كَيْفَ — how
Grammar: An interrogative adverb functioning as a circumstantial expression for نُصِبَتْ.
نُصِبَتْ — they are fixed
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; its understood deputy subject refers to the mountains.
2. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 20
وَإِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ
Sentence structure
وَإِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ is coordinated with the preceding phrase. كَيْفَ describes the manner of passive سُطِحَتْ.
Ayah summary
Do they not reflect on how the earth was spread out for living and travel?
وَإِلَى — And towards
Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَى is a preposition. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «يَنظُرُونَ».
ٱلْأَرْضِ — the earth
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; أَرْضِ is a feminine-singular genitive noun governed by إِلَى.
كَيْفَ — how
Grammar: An interrogative adverb functioning as a circumstantial expression for سُطِحَتْ.
سُطِحَتْ — it is spread out
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect; its understood deputy subject refers to the earth.
3. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 21
فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرٌۭ
Sentence structure
فَذَكِّرْ is an imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ. إِنَّمَآ restricts the statement; أَنتَ is the topic and مُذَكِّرٌ its predicate.
Ayah summary
Continue to remind, for your task is to convey the reminder.
فَذَكِّرْ — So remind
Grammar: فَ resumes; ذَكِّرْ is a second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative with obligatory understood subject أَنْتَ and omitted object.
إِنَّمَآ — only
Grammar: إِنَّ is emphatic and مَا restrains its governance, together forming a restriction particle.
أَنتَ — you
Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular detached pronoun functioning as nominative topic.
مُذَكِّرٌۭ — (are) a reminder
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative Form II active participle functioning as predicate.
4. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 22
لَّسْتَ عَلَيْهِم بِمُصَيْطِرٍ
Sentence structure
لَّسْتَ is a defective negative verb and attached تَ its noun. بِمُصَيْطِرٍ is its predicate, with an extra emphatic bāʾ, and عَلَيْهِم is linked to that predicate.
Ayah summary
You are not an overseer imposed upon people to force them to believe.
لَّسْتَ — You are not
Grammar: لَسْ is a defective negative perfect; attached تَ is its second-person masculine-singular noun.
عَلَيْهِم — over them
Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached هِم a third-person masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to the predicate. This phrase is linked to «مُصَيْطِرٍ».
بِمُصَيْطِرٍ — a controller
Grammar: بِ is an extra emphatic preposition; مُصَيْطِرٍ is a genitive-in-form active participle functioning as the predicate of لَيْسَ in the accusative position.
5. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 23
إِلَّا مَن تَوَلَّىٰ وَكَفَرَ
Sentence structure
إِلَّا مَن introduces the excepted person. تَوَلَّىٰ is the relative clause, and وَكَفَرَ is coordinated with it; both have understood subjects.
Ayah summary
Some people, however, will turn away and disbelieve.
إِلَّا — But
Grammar: An exception particle.
مَن — whoever
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun introducing the excepted person; its following clause is the relative clause.
تَوَلَّىٰ — turns away
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular Form V perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
وَكَفَرَ — and disbelieves
Grammar: وَ coordinates; كَفَرَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
6. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 24
فَيُعَذِّبُهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَكْبَرَ
Sentence structure
فَيُعَذِّبُهُ is the verb with attached هُ as object. ٱللَّهُ is the subject; ٱلْعَذَابَ is a cognate accusative and ٱلْأَكْبَرَ its adjective.
Ayah summary
Allah will subject him to the greatest punishment.
فَيُعَذِّبُهُ — Then will punish him
Grammar: فَ resumes, يُعَذِّبُ is a third-person masculine-singular Form II indicative imperfect, and attached هُ its object.
ٱللَّهُ — Allah
Grammar: A nominative proper noun serving as the subject of يُعَذِّبُ.
ٱلْعَذَابَ — (with) the punishment
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; عَذَابَ is an accusative cognate object emphasizing يُعَذِّبُ.
ٱلْأَكْبَرَ — greatest
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; أَكْبَرَ is a masculine-singular accusative adjective of ٱلْعَذَابَ.
7. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 25
إِنَّ إِلَيْنَآ إِيَابَهُمْ
Sentence structure
إِنَّ opens an emphatic clause. إِلَيْنَآ is the fronted predicate and إِيَابَهُمْ the delayed noun of إِنَّ; attached هُمْ is a possessor.
Ayah summary
Surely everyone must return to Us alone.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative/emphatic particle opening a nominal clause.
إِلَيْنَآ — to Us
Grammar: إِلَى is a preposition and attached نَآ a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate of إِنَّ.
إِيَابَهُمْ — (will be) their return
Grammar: إِيَابَ is the delayed accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached هُمْ is a third-person masculine-plural possessor.
8. Surah Al-Ghashiyah · Ayah 26
ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا حِسَابَهُم
Sentence structure
ثُمَّ coordinates with delay, and إِنَّ opens the emphatic clause. عَلَيْنَا is the fronted predicate and حِسَابَهُم the delayed noun; attached هُم is a possessor.
Ayah summary
Then it is for Us to take a full account from them.
ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: A conjunction marking sequence with delay.
إِنَّ — indeed
Grammar: An accusative/emphatic particle opening a nominal clause.
عَلَيْنَا — upon Us
Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached نَا a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate of إِنَّ.
حِسَابَهُم — (is) their account
Grammar: حِسَابَ is the delayed accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached هُم is a third-person masculine-plural possessor.