Surah Al-Humazah — Part 1

Ayahs 1–9 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Humazah — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 1

وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ ۝١ Sentence structure وَيْلٌ is nominative. The phrase لِكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ contains preposition لِ, genitive كُلِّ, its genitive complement هُمَزَةٍ, and genitive apposition لُّمَزَةٍ. Ayah summary Woe to every taunter and fault-finder. وَيْلٌۭ — Woe Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative topic with an omitted predicate. لِّكُلِّ — for every Grammar: Preposition لِ governs كُلِّ, which is annexed to the next noun; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of وَيْلٌۭ. هُمَزَةٍۢ — habitual slanderer Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive complement of كُلِّ; the following nominal sentence with hidden subject «هُوَ» describes هُمَزَةٍۢ. لُّمَزَةٍ — habitual faultfinder Grammar: An indefinite feminine genitive apposition to هُمَزَةٍۢ.

2. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 2

ٱلَّذِى جَمَعَ مَالًا وَعَدَّدَهُۥ ۝٢ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِى is a masculine-singular relative pronoun. Its relative clause has perfect جَمَعَ with accusative object مَالًا, followed by coordinated Form II perfect وَعَدَّدَهُۥ with attached object هُۥ. Ayah summary He gathers wealth and keeps counting it repeatedly. ٱلَّذِى — the one who Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun opening its relative clause. جَمَعَ — gathered Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ». مَالًۭا — wealth Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative object of جَمَعَ. وَعَدَّدَهُۥ — and counted it Grammar: وَ coordinates a Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached هُۥ is its object.

3. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 3

يَحْسَبُ أَنَّ مَالَهُۥٓ أَخْلَدَهُۥ ۝٣ Sentence structure يَحْسَبُ is a third-person masculine-singular imperfect. The clause introduced by أَنَّ is its object: مَالَهُۥٓ is the accusative noun of أَنَّ, and the verbal sentence أَخْلَدَهُۥ is its predicate. Ayah summary He thinks that his wealth will remain with him forever. يَحْسَبُ — he thinks Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; it takes the following أَنَّ clause as object. أَنَّ — that Grammar: An accusative particle introducing an embedded nominal clause. مَالَهُۥٓ — his wealth Grammar: Masculine accusative noun of أَنَّ; attached هُۥٓ is its genitive possessive pronoun. أَخْلَدَهُۥ — has made him last forever Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ» and attached هُۥ its object; the verbal sentence is the predicate of أَنَّ.

4. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 4

كَلَّا ۖ لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ ۝٤ Sentence structure كَلَّا is a deterrent particle. لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ is an emphatic passive third-person masculine-singular imperfect; فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ is a prepositional phrase linked to it. Ayah summary Never so; he will be thrown into Al-Hutamah. كَلَّا ۖ — No indeed Grammar: A deterrent particle rejecting the preceding assumption. لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ — he will surely be thrown Grammar: An emphatic passive third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose hidden passive subject is the pronoun «هُوَ»; initial لَ and final نَّ add emphasis. فِى — into Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun; فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ is linked to يُنۢبَذَ. ٱلْحُطَمَةِ — the Crusher Grammar: A defined feminine genitive noun governed by فِى.

5. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 5

وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلْحُطَمَةُ ۝٥ Sentence structure وَ coordinates and the first مَآ opens a question. أَدْرَىٰكَ is a Form IV perfect with attached object كَ. The nominal clause مَا ٱلْحُطَمَةُ is its second object, with interrogative مَا followed by nominative predicate ٱلْحُطَمَةُ. Ayah summary And what can make you know what Al-Hutamah is? وَمَآ — And what Grammar: وَ coordinates; مَآ is an interrogative pronoun opening the question. أَدْرَىٰكَ — made you know Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached كَ is the first object. مَا — what Grammar: An interrogative pronoun beginning the nominal clause that functions as the second object of أَدْرَىٰكَ. ٱلْحُطَمَةُ — the Crusher Grammar: A defined feminine nominative predicate of the preceding interrogative مَا.

6. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 6

نَارُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ ۝٦ Sentence structure نَارُ is a feminine nominative noun annexed to genitive proper noun ٱللَّهِ. Defined feminine nominative passive participle ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ is its adjective. Ayah summary It is the fire kindled by Allah. نَارُ — the Fire Grammar: نَارُ ٱللَّهِ is the predicate of the hidden pronoun «هِيَ». ٱللَّهِ — of Allah Grammar: A genitive proper noun functioning as complement of نَارُ. ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ — the kindled Grammar: A defined feminine nominative Form IV passive participle adjective of نَارُ.

7. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 7

ٱلَّتِى تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ ۝٧ Sentence structure Feminine-singular relative pronoun ٱلَّتِى describes the preceding نَارُ. Its relative clause contains Form VIII third-person feminine-singular imperfect تَطَّلِعُ and the linked prepositional phrase عَلَى ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ. Ayah summary That fire will reach into the hearts. ٱلَّتِى — which Grammar: A feminine-singular relative pronoun functioning as adjective of the preceding نَارُ. تَطَّلِعُ — rises over Grammar: A Form VIII third-person feminine-singular imperfect in the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هِيَ». عَلَى — upon Grammar: A preposition linked to تَطَّلِعُ. ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ — the hearts Grammar: A defined masculine-plural genitive noun governed by عَلَى.

8. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 8

إِنَّهَا عَلَيْهِم مُّؤْصَدَةٌ ۝٨ Sentence structure In إِنَّهَا, إِنَّ is an accusative particle and attached هَا is its noun. عَلَيْهِم is a prepositional phrase, while nominative مُّؤْصَدَةٌ is the predicate. Ayah summary That fire will be closed over them with no way out. إِنَّهَا — Indeed it Grammar: Accusative particle إِنَّ with attached third-person feminine-singular pronoun هَا as its noun. عَلَيْهِم — over them Grammar: Preposition عَلَى governs attached هِم; the phrase is linked to the predicate مُّؤْصَدَةٌ. مُّؤْصَدَةٌۭ — closed over Grammar: An indefinite feminine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.

9. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 9

فِى عَمَدٍ مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ ۝٩ Sentence structure The phrase فِى عَمَدٍ مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ continues the preceding description: فِى governs plural genitive عَمَدٍ, and feminine-singular genitive passive participle مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ is its adjective. Ayah summary This closure will be within extended columns. فِى — in Grammar: A preposition beginning a phrase linked to the preceding predicate مُّؤْصَدَةٌ. عَمَدٍۢ — columns Grammar: An indefinite masculine-plural genitive noun governed by فِى. مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ — extended Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive Form II passive participle adjective of عَمَدٍۢ.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ ۝١ What is the role of هُمَزَةٍۢ?

  • Genitive complement of كُلِّ
  • Nominative subject
  • Accusative object
  • Time adverb

Question 2

ٱلَّذِى جَمَعَ مَالًا وَعَدَّدَهُۥ ۝٢ What is the role of مَالًۭا?

  • Subject
  • Accusative object
  • Genitive adjective
  • Conjunction

Question 3

يَحْسَبُ أَنَّ مَالَهُۥٓ أَخْلَدَهُۥ ۝٣ What is the role of مَالَهُۥٓ?

  • Predicate of أَنَّ
  • Genitive complement
  • Accusative noun of أَنَّ
  • Conjunction

Question 4

كَلَّا ۖ لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ ۝٤ What is the voice and aspect of لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ?

  • Active perfect
  • Active imperative
  • Active imperfect
  • Passive imperfect

Question 5

وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلْحُطَمَةُ ۝٥ What is the role of ٱلْحُطَمَةُ after interrogative مَا?

  • Nominative predicate
  • Accusative object
  • Genitive noun
  • Conjunction

Question 6

نَارُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ ۝٦ What is the role of ٱللَّهِ in نَارُ ٱللَّهِ?

  • Subject
  • Genitive complement
  • Accusative object
  • Relative pronoun

Question 7

ٱلَّتِى تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ ۝٧ What is عَلَى here?

  • Relative pronoun
  • Accusative particle
  • Preposition
  • Adjective

Question 8

إِنَّهَا عَلَيْهِم مُّؤْصَدَةٌ ۝٨ What is attached هَا in إِنَّهَا?

  • Object pronoun
  • Genitive complement
  • Predicate
  • Noun of إِنَّ

Question 9

فِى عَمَدٍ مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ ۝٩ What is the role of مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ?

  • Genitive adjective of عَمَدٍۢ
  • Nominative subject
  • Accusative object
  • Future particle

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