Ayahs 1–9 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Humazah — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 1
وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ ١
Sentence structure
وَيْلٌ is nominative. The phrase لِكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ contains preposition لِ, genitive كُلِّ, its genitive complement هُمَزَةٍ, and genitive apposition لُّمَزَةٍ.
Ayah summary
Woe to every taunter and fault-finder.
وَيْلٌۭ — Woe
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative topic with an omitted predicate.
لِّكُلِّ — for every
Grammar: Preposition لِ governs كُلِّ, which is annexed to the next noun; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of وَيْلٌۭ.
هُمَزَةٍۢ — habitual slanderer
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive complement of كُلِّ; the following nominal sentence with hidden subject «هُوَ» describes هُمَزَةٍۢ.
لُّمَزَةٍ — habitual faultfinder
Grammar: An indefinite feminine genitive apposition to هُمَزَةٍۢ.
2. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 2
ٱلَّذِى جَمَعَ مَالًا وَعَدَّدَهُۥ ٢
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِى is a masculine-singular relative pronoun. Its relative clause has perfect جَمَعَ with accusative object مَالًا, followed by coordinated Form II perfect وَعَدَّدَهُۥ with attached object هُۥ.
Ayah summary
He gathers wealth and keeps counting it repeatedly.
ٱلَّذِى — the one who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun opening its relative clause.
جَمَعَ — gathered
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
مَالًۭا — wealth
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative object of جَمَعَ.
وَعَدَّدَهُۥ — and counted it
Grammar: وَ coordinates a Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached هُۥ is its object.
3. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 3
يَحْسَبُ أَنَّ مَالَهُۥٓ أَخْلَدَهُۥ ٣
Sentence structure
يَحْسَبُ is a third-person masculine-singular imperfect. The clause introduced by أَنَّ is its object: مَالَهُۥٓ is the accusative noun of أَنَّ, and the verbal sentence أَخْلَدَهُۥ is its predicate.
Ayah summary
He thinks that his wealth will remain with him forever.
يَحْسَبُ — he thinks
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; it takes the following أَنَّ clause as object.
أَنَّ — that
Grammar: An accusative particle introducing an embedded nominal clause.
مَالَهُۥٓ — his wealth
Grammar: Masculine accusative noun of أَنَّ; attached هُۥٓ is its genitive possessive pronoun.
أَخْلَدَهُۥ — has made him last forever
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ» and attached هُۥ its object; the verbal sentence is the predicate of أَنَّ.
4. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 4
كَلَّا ۖ لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ ٤
Sentence structure
كَلَّا is a deterrent particle. لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ is an emphatic passive third-person masculine-singular imperfect; فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ is a prepositional phrase linked to it.
Ayah summary
Never so; he will be thrown into Al-Hutamah.
كَلَّا ۖ — No indeed
Grammar: A deterrent particle rejecting the preceding assumption.
لَيُنۢبَذَنَّ — he will surely be thrown
Grammar: An emphatic passive third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose hidden passive subject is the pronoun «هُوَ»; initial لَ and final نَّ add emphasis.
فِى — into
Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun; فِى ٱلْحُطَمَةِ is linked to يُنۢبَذَ.
ٱلْحُطَمَةِ — the Crusher
Grammar: A defined feminine genitive noun governed by فِى.
5. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 5
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلْحُطَمَةُ ٥
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates and the first مَآ opens a question. أَدْرَىٰكَ is a Form IV perfect with attached object كَ. The nominal clause مَا ٱلْحُطَمَةُ is its second object, with interrogative مَا followed by nominative predicate ٱلْحُطَمَةُ.
Ayah summary
And what can make you know what Al-Hutamah is?
وَمَآ — And what
Grammar: وَ coordinates; مَآ is an interrogative pronoun opening the question.
أَدْرَىٰكَ — made you know
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached كَ is the first object.
مَا — what
Grammar: An interrogative pronoun beginning the nominal clause that functions as the second object of أَدْرَىٰكَ.
ٱلْحُطَمَةُ — the Crusher
Grammar: A defined feminine nominative predicate of the preceding interrogative مَا.
6. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 6
نَارُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ ٦
Sentence structure
نَارُ is a feminine nominative noun annexed to genitive proper noun ٱللَّهِ. Defined feminine nominative passive participle ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ is its adjective.
Ayah summary
It is the fire kindled by Allah.
نَارُ — the Fire
Grammar: نَارُ ٱللَّهِ is the predicate of the hidden pronoun «هِيَ».
ٱللَّهِ — of Allah
Grammar: A genitive proper noun functioning as complement of نَارُ.
ٱلْمُوقَدَةُ — the kindled
Grammar: A defined feminine nominative Form IV passive participle adjective of نَارُ.
7. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 7
ٱلَّتِى تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ ٧
Sentence structure
Feminine-singular relative pronoun ٱلَّتِى describes the preceding نَارُ. Its relative clause contains Form VIII third-person feminine-singular imperfect تَطَّلِعُ and the linked prepositional phrase عَلَى ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ.
Ayah summary
That fire will reach into the hearts.
ٱلَّتِى — which
Grammar: A feminine-singular relative pronoun functioning as adjective of the preceding نَارُ.
تَطَّلِعُ — rises over
Grammar: A Form VIII third-person feminine-singular imperfect in the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هِيَ».
عَلَى — upon
Grammar: A preposition linked to تَطَّلِعُ.
ٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةِ — the hearts
Grammar: A defined masculine-plural genitive noun governed by عَلَى.
8. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 8
إِنَّهَا عَلَيْهِم مُّؤْصَدَةٌ ٨
Sentence structure
In إِنَّهَا, إِنَّ is an accusative particle and attached هَا is its noun. عَلَيْهِم is a prepositional phrase, while nominative مُّؤْصَدَةٌ is the predicate.
Ayah summary
That fire will be closed over them with no way out.
إِنَّهَا — Indeed it
Grammar: Accusative particle إِنَّ with attached third-person feminine-singular pronoun هَا as its noun.
عَلَيْهِم — over them
Grammar: Preposition عَلَى governs attached هِم; the phrase is linked to the predicate مُّؤْصَدَةٌ.
مُّؤْصَدَةٌۭ — closed over
Grammar: An indefinite feminine nominative predicate of إِنَّ.
9. Surah Al-Humazah · Ayah 9
فِى عَمَدٍ مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ ٩
Sentence structure
The phrase فِى عَمَدٍ مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ continues the preceding description: فِى governs plural genitive عَمَدٍ, and feminine-singular genitive passive participle مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ is its adjective.
Ayah summary
This closure will be within extended columns.
فِى — in
Grammar: A preposition beginning a phrase linked to the preceding predicate مُّؤْصَدَةٌ.
عَمَدٍۢ — columns
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-plural genitive noun governed by فِى.
مُّمَدَّدَةٍۭ — extended
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive Form II passive participle adjective of عَمَدٍۢ.