Surah Al-Ikhlas — Part 1

Ayahs 1–4 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Ikhlas — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 1

قُلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ۝١ Sentence structure Imperative قُلْ introduces the quoted statement هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ. هُوَ is a detached pronoun, while ٱللَّهُ and أَحَدٌ are nominative forms. Ayah summary Say: He is Allah, the One. قُلْ — Say Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular imperative whose subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنْتَ». هُوَ — He Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular detached pronoun in the quoted statement. ٱللَّهُ — Allah Grammar: A nominative proper noun. أَحَدٌ — the One Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative noun.

2. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 2

ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ ۝٢ Sentence structure This is a nominal sentence: nominative proper noun ٱللَّهُ is the subject and nominative ٱلصَّمَدُ is its predicate. Ayah summary Allah is Self-Sufficient, and all depend on Him. ٱللَّهُ — Allah Grammar: A nominative proper noun serving as subject of the nominal sentence. ٱلصَّمَدُ — the Eternal, the Absolute Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun serving as predicate of ٱللَّهُ.

3. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 3

لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝٣ Sentence structure لَمْ negates and makes active imperfect يَلِدْ jussive. Coordinating وَ introduces another لَمْ, which makes passive imperfect يُولَدْ jussive. Ayah summary He has no offspring, nor was He born of anyone. لَمْ — Not Grammar: A particle of negation and jussive mood governing يَلِدْ. يَلِدْ — He begets Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular active imperfect made jussive by لَمْ; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ». وَلَمْ — and not Grammar: وَ coordinates, and لَمْ is a particle of negation and jussive mood. يُولَدْ — He is begotten Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive imperfect made jussive by لَمْ; its hidden passive subject is the pronoun «هُوَ».

4. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 4

وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌۢ ۝٤ Sentence structure Coordinating وَ precedes لَمْ, which makes يَكُن jussive. لَّهُۥ is a prepositional phrase; كُفُوًا is the accusative predicate of يَكُن, and أَحَدٌۢ is its nominative subject. Ayah summary And no one is equal to Him. وَلَمْ — And not Grammar: وَ coordinates, and لَمْ is a particle of negation and jussive mood. يَكُن — is Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect of كَانَ, made jussive by لَمْ. لَّهُۥ — for Him Grammar: Preposition لِ governs attached هُۥ; the phrase is linked to كُفُوًا. كُفُوًا — equivalent Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun serving as predicate of يَكُن. أَحَدٌۢ — any one Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative noun serving as the subject of يَكُن.

Practice questions

Question 1

قُلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ۝١ What type of verb is قُلْ?

  • Second-person masculine-singular imperative
  • Third-person perfect
  • Passive imperfect
  • Nominative noun

Question 2

ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ ۝٢ What is the role of ٱلصَّمَدُ?

  • Accusative object
  • Nominative predicate of ٱللَّهُ
  • Genitive noun
  • Jussive verb

Question 3

لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝٣ What is the voice of يُولَدْ?

  • Active perfect
  • Imperative
  • Passive imperfect
  • Active participle

Question 4

وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌۢ ۝٤ What is the role of كُفُوًا?

  • Nominative subject
  • Genitive noun
  • Jussive verb
  • Accusative predicate of يَكُن

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