Surah Al-Ikhlas — Part 1

1. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 1

قُلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ۝١
Sentence structure
Imperative قُلْ introduces the quoted statement هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ. هُوَ is a detached pronoun, while ٱللَّهُ and أَحَدٌ are nominative forms.

Ayah summary
Say: He is Allah, the One.

قُلْ — Say
Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular imperative whose subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنْتَ».

هُوَ — He
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular detached pronoun in the quoted statement.

ٱللَّهُ — Allah
Grammar: A nominative proper noun.

أَحَدٌ — the One
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative noun.

2. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 2

ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ ۝٢
Sentence structure
This is a nominal sentence: nominative proper noun ٱللَّهُ is the subject and nominative ٱلصَّمَدُ is its predicate.

Ayah summary
Allah is Self-Sufficient, and all depend on Him.

ٱللَّهُ — Allah
Grammar: A nominative proper noun serving as subject of the nominal sentence.

ٱلصَّمَدُ — the Eternal, the Absolute
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun serving as predicate of ٱللَّهُ.

3. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 3

لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝٣
Sentence structure
لَمْ negates and makes active imperfect يَلِدْ jussive. Coordinating وَ introduces another لَمْ, which makes passive imperfect يُولَدْ jussive.

Ayah summary
He has no offspring, nor was He born of anyone.

لَمْ — Not
Grammar: A particle of negation and jussive mood governing يَلِدْ.

يَلِدْ — He begets
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular active imperfect made jussive by لَمْ; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».

وَلَمْ — and not
Grammar: وَ coordinates, and لَمْ is a particle of negation and jussive mood.

يُولَدْ — He is begotten
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive imperfect made jussive by لَمْ; its hidden passive subject is the pronoun «هُوَ».

4. Surah Al-Ikhlas · Ayah 4

وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌۢ ۝٤
Sentence structure
Coordinating وَ precedes لَمْ, which makes يَكُن jussive. لَّهُۥ is a prepositional phrase; كُفُوًا is the accusative predicate of يَكُن, and أَحَدٌۢ is its nominative subject.

Ayah summary
And no one is equal to Him.

وَلَمْ — And not
Grammar: وَ coordinates, and لَمْ is a particle of negation and jussive mood.

يَكُن — is
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect of كَانَ, made jussive by لَمْ.

لَّهُۥ — for Him
Grammar: Preposition لِ governs attached هُۥ; the phrase is linked to كُفُوًا.

كُفُوًا — equivalent
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun serving as predicate of يَكُن.

أَحَدٌۢ — any one
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative noun serving as the subject of يَكُن.