Surah Al-Infitar — Part 1

Ayahs 1–7 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Infitar — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 1

إِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ ٱنفَطَرَتْ Sentence structure إِذَا opens a future, non-jussive time-conditioned clause. In one classical grammatical reading, ٱلسَّمَآءُ is the subject of an omitted active verb and ٱنفَطَرَتْ explains it; the response comes in ayah 5. Ayah summary At the Resurrection, the sky will split apart. إِذَا — When Grammar: A future, non-jussive temporal adverb carrying conditional meaning. ٱلسَّمَآءُ — the sky Grammar: A nominative definite feminine noun; In one classical grammatical reading it is the subject of an omitted active verb. ٱنفَطَرَتْ — (is) cleft asunder Grammar: A Form VII feminine singular perfect active verb; the written clause explains the omitted verb here.

2. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 2

وَإِذَا ٱلْكَوَاكِبُ ٱنتَثَرَتْ Sentence structure وَإِذَا coordinates another condition. Here, ٱلْكَوَاكِبُ is the subject of an omitted active verb and ٱنتَثَرَتْ is its explanatory clause. Ayah summary The stars will fall from their places and scatter. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb. ٱلْكَوَاكِبُ — the stars Grammar: A nominative definite plural noun; here it is the subject of an omitted active verb. ٱنتَثَرَتْ — scatter Grammar: A Form VIII feminine singular perfect active verb; the written clause is explanatory here.

3. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 3

وَإِذَا ٱلْبِحَارُ فُجِّرَتْ Sentence structure In this coordinated condition, ٱلْبِحَارُ is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb, while فُجِّرَتْ is the explanatory written clause. Ayah summary The seas will burst forth, and their fresh and salt waters will merge. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb. ٱلْبِحَارُ — the seas Grammar: A nominative definite plural noun; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb. فُجِّرَتْ — are made to gush forth Grammar: A Form II feminine singular perfect passive verb; the written clause is explanatory here.

4. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 4

وَإِذَا ٱلْقُبُورُ بُعْثِرَتْ Sentence structure In this coordinated condition, ٱلْقُبُورُ is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb, while بُعْثِرَتْ is the explanatory written clause. Ayah summary The graves will be overturned and the dead will be brought out. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb. ٱلْقُبُورُ — the graves Grammar: A nominative definite plural noun; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb. بُعْثِرَتْ — are overturned Grammar: A quadriliteral feminine singular perfect passive verb; the written clause is explanatory here.

5. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 5

عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌۭ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ وَأَخَّرَتْ Sentence structure This clause answers the preceding conditions. عَلِمَتْ is the verb, نَفْسٌ its subject, and relative مَا its object; قَدَّمَتْ وَأَخَّرَتْ is the relative clause, with the returning object omitted after both verbs. Ayah summary Every soul will know its deeds, its omissions, and the effects it left behind. عَلِمَتْ — Will know Grammar: A feminine singular perfect active verb answering the preceding conditions; نَفْسٌ is its subject. نَفْسٌۭ — a soul Grammar: nominative noun functioning as the subject. مَّا — what Grammar: A relative pronoun in the object position of عَلِمَتْ. قَدَّمَتْ — it has sent forth Grammar: A Form II feminine singular perfect verb; its understood subject refers to نَفْسٌ, and the clause is the relative clause of مَا. وَأَخَّرَتْ — and left behind Grammar: وَ coordinates a second Form II perfect verb; its understood subject again refers to the soul.

6. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 6

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ ٱلْكَرِيمِ Sentence structure The ayah begins with a vocative. Interrogative مَا is the topic and the clause غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ its predicate; ٱلْكَرِيمِ describes رَبِّكَ. Ayah summary A person must not take the Lord’s forbearance and generosity as a licence to disobey; He is also just and wise. يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا — O Grammar: يَا is the vocative particle; أَيُّ is a vocative noun built on ḍamma in the accusative position; هَا is a particle of attention. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man Grammar: A definite nominative noun functioning as an apposition (عطف بيان) or substitute (بدل) to أَيُّ. مَا — What Grammar: An interrogative pronoun functioning as the topic; the following verbal clause is its predicate. غَرَّكَ — has deceived you Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Its understood subject returns to interrogative مَا, while attached كَ is the object. بِرَبِّكَ — concerning your Lord Grammar: بِ is a preposition, رَبِّ its genitive noun, and attached كَ the genitive possessor. ٱلْكَرِيمِ — the Most Noble Grammar: A definite genitive adjective describing رَبِّكَ.

7. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 7

ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّىٰكَ فَعَدَلَكَ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِى is genitive as a second adjective or substitute for the Lord mentioned before. خَلَقَكَ is its relative clause; فَسَوَّىٰكَ and فَعَدَلَكَ are coordinated perfect verbs. Their understood subject refers to Him, and each attached كَ is an object. Ayah summary Allah created the human being, fashioned the limbs correctly, and gave the body due proportion. ٱلَّذِى — Who Grammar: A relative pronoun in the genitive position as a second adjective or substitute for رَبِّكَ. خَلَقَكَ — created you Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb; its understood subject returns to ٱلَّذِى, and attached كَ is the object. فَسَوَّىٰكَ — then fashioned you Grammar: فَ coordinates a Form II perfect verb; the understood subject is He and attached كَ is the object. فَعَدَلَكَ — then balanced you Grammar: فَ coordinates another perfect verb; the understood subject is He and attached كَ is the object.

Practice questions

Question 1

إِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ ٱنفَطَرَتْ ۝١ What is the form of ٱنفَطَرَتْ?

  • Form VII perfect
  • Form VIII perfect
  • Form II passive
  • Imperfect

Question 2

وَإِذَا ٱلْكَوَاكِبُ ٱنتَثَرَتْ ۝٢ What is the form of ٱنتَثَرَتْ?

  • Form II passive
  • Form VIII perfect
  • Form VII perfect
  • Imperative

Question 3

وَإِذَا ٱلْبِحَارُ فُجِّرَتْ ۝٣ What is the voice and form of فُجِّرَتْ?

  • Active Form I
  • Active Form VIII
  • Passive Form II
  • Passive Form VII

Question 4

وَإِذَا ٱلْقُبُورُ بُعْثِرَتْ ۝٤ Which description fits بُعْثِرَتْ?

  • A singular noun
  • A jussive imperfect
  • A Form II active verb
  • A quadriliteral passive perfect

Question 5

عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌۭ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ وَأَخَّرَتْ ۝٥ What is the role of نَفْسٌ with عَلِمَتْ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Adjective
  • Genitive complement

Question 6

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ ٱلْكَرِيمِ ۝٦ What kind of word is مَا in مَا غَرَّكَ?

  • Relative pronoun
  • Interrogative pronoun
  • Negative particle
  • Preposition

Question 7

ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّىٰكَ فَعَدَلَكَ ۝٧ What is the role of attached كَ in خَلَقَكَ?

  • Subject
  • Genitive possessor
  • Object
  • Adjective

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