Surah Al-Infitar — Part 2

Ayahs 8–13 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Infitar — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 8

فِىٓ أَىِّ صُورَةٍۢ مَّا شَآءَ رَكَّبَكَ Sentence structure فِىٓ أَىِّ صُورَةٍ is linked to رَكَّبَكَ, and أَىِّ is annexed to صُورَةٍ. In one grammatical reading, مَا is a non-governing linking element and شَآءَ is a clause describing صُورَةٍ. Ayah summary By His will, Allah gave each person a distinct appearance and the human form. فِىٓ — In Grammar: A preposition governing أَىِّ; the prepositional phrase is linked to رَكَّبَكَ. أَىِّ — whatever Grammar: A genitive general noun governed by فِى and annexed to صُورَةٍ. صُورَةٍۢ — form Grammar: A genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of أَىِّ. مَّا — what Grammar: In one grammatical reading, a non-governing extra/linking particle after أَىِّ. شَآءَ — He willed Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb with understood هُوَ as subject. رَكَّبَكَ — He assembled you Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine singular perfect verb; its subject is understood and attached كَ is the object.

2. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 9

كَلَّا بَلْ تُكَذِّبُونَ بِٱلدِّينِ Sentence structure كَلَّا rejects the preceding attitude and بَلْ shifts to the real fault. تُكَذِّبُونَ is the verb with attached wāw as subject; بِٱلدِّينِ is linked to it. Ayah summary The underlying error is that people deny the Day of Recompense and accountability. كَلَّا — Nay Grammar: A deterrent and rebuking particle. بَلْ — But Grammar: A transition particle shifting to the real fault. تُكَذِّبُونَ — you deny Grammar: A Form II second-person masculine plural imperfect of the five verbs. The penultimate و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative. بِٱلدِّينِ — the Judgment Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱلْ the definite article, and دِّينِ the genitive noun; the phrase is linked to تُكَذِّبُونَ.

3. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 10

وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَـٰفِظِينَ Sentence structure In the emphatic clause, عَلَيْكُمْ is the fronted predicate of إِنَّ, and لَحَـٰفِظِينَ is its delayed accusative noun; the lām adds emphasis. Ayah summary Angels have been appointed over you to watch your deeds. وَإِنَّ — And indeed Grammar: وَ resumes the discourse and إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle. عَلَيْكُمْ — over you Grammar: A prepositional phrase functioning as the fronted predicate of إِنَّ; attached كُمْ is genitive. لَحَـٰفِظِينَ — (are) surely guardians Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām. حَـٰفِظِينَ is an active participle and the delayed noun of إِنَّ, accusative with yā because it is a sound masculine plural; its final nūn is the nominal plural ending, not a verb-mood marker.

4. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 11

كِرَامًۭا كَـٰتِبِينَ Sentence structure Both accusative words describe حَـٰفِظِينَ in the preceding ayah: they are honoured and writing. Ayah summary Those honoured angels record the deeds. كِرَامًۭا — Noble Grammar: An accusative broken-plural adjective describing حَـٰفِظِينَ, marked by fatḥa. كَـٰتِبِينَ — recording Grammar: An active-participle adjective describing حَـٰفِظِينَ, accusative with yā as a sound masculine plural; its final nūn is the nominal plural ending.

5. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 12

يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ Sentence structure The verbal clause further describes the guardians. يَعْلَمُونَ takes relative مَا as its object; تَفْعَلُونَ is its relative clause, with the returning object pronoun omitted. Ayah summary They know your deeds; none remains hidden from them or unrecorded. يَعْلَمُونَ — They know Grammar: A third-person masculine plural imperfect of the five verbs. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative; the clause describes the guardians. مَا — whatever Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the object of يَعْلَمُونَ. تَفْعَلُونَ — you do Grammar: A second-person masculine plural imperfect of the five verbs. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative; the clause is the relative clause of مَا. Its returning object pronoun is omitted.

6. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 13

إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ لَفِى نَعِيمٍۢ Sentence structure إِنَّ makes ٱلْأَبْرَارَ accusative as its noun. The emphatic prepositional phrase لَفِى نَعِيمٍ is its predicate. Ayah summary The righteous will remain in Paradise in lasting blessing and comfort. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: an accusative/emphatic particle. ٱلْأَبْرَارَ — the righteous Grammar: A definite accusative noun functioning as the noun of إِنَّ. لَفِى — (will be) surely in Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām and فِى a preposition; the phrase forms the predicate of إِنَّ. نَعِيمٍۢ — bliss Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun governed by فِى.

Practice questions

Question 1

فِىٓ أَىِّ صُورَةٍۢ مَّا شَآءَ رَكَّبَكَ ۝٨ What is the form of رَكَّبَكَ?

  • Form I
  • Form IV
  • Form VIII
  • Form II

Question 2

كَلَّا بَلْ تُكَذِّبُونَ بِٱلدِّينِ ۝٩ What is the role of wāw in تُكَذِّبُونَ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Genitive complement
  • Indicative marker

Question 3

وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَـٰفِظِينَ ۝١٠ What is the role of عَلَيْكُمْ in the clause with إِنَّ?

  • Delayed noun of inna
  • Fronted predicate of inna
  • Object
  • Adjective

Question 4

كِرَامًۭا كَـٰتِبِينَ ۝١١ What do كِرَامًا and كَاتِبِينَ describe?

  • ٱلْأَبْرَارَ
  • ٱلْفُجَّارَ
  • حَافِظِينَ
  • نَفْسٌ

Question 5

يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ ۝١٢ What is the role of مَا after يَعْلَمُونَ?

  • Interrogative topic
  • Negative particle
  • Time adverb
  • Relative pronoun serving as object

Question 6

إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ لَفِى نَعِيمٍۢ ۝١٣ What is the case of ٱلْأَبْرَارَ after إِنَّ?

  • Accusative as the noun of inna
  • Nominative as predicate
  • Genitive after a preposition
  • Jussive

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