Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 1

Ayahs 1–7 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 1

إِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ ٱنشَقَّتْ Sentence structure إِذَا introduces a non-jussive temporal condition. ٱلسَّمَآءُ is the nominative subject of the Form VII perfect ٱنشَقَّتْ. The response to the condition is omitted. Ayah summary At the Resurrection, the sky will split apart. إِذَا — When Grammar: A non-jussive conditional time adverb introducing the following clause. ٱلسَّمَآءُ — the sky Grammar: ٱل is the definite article and سَّمَآءُ the nominative feminine subject of ٱنشَقَّتْ. ٱنشَقَّتْ — is split asunder Grammar: A Form VII third-person feminine-singular perfect; final تْ is the feminine marker.

2. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 2

وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ Sentence structure وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا is coordinated with the preceding condition and has understood هِيَ as subject. وَحُقَّتْ is another coordinated passive perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject. Ayah summary The sky will receive its Lord’s command in complete obedience. وَأَذِنَتْ — And has listened Grammar: وَ coordinates, and أَذِنَتْ is a third-person feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject. لِرَبِّهَا — to its Lord Grammar: لِ is a preposition, رَبِّ its genitive noun, and attached هَا the genitive possessor. وَحُقَّتْ — and was obligated Grammar: وَ coordinates; حُقَّتْ is a passive feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject.

3. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 3

وَإِذَا ٱلْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ Sentence structure Coordinated وَإِذَا introduces another temporal condition. مُدَّتْ is a passive perfect and ٱلْأَرْضُ its nominative deputy subject. Ayah summary For the gathering, the earth will be stretched out and levelled. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِذَا is a non-jussive conditional time adverb. ٱلْأَرْضُ — the earth Grammar: ٱل is the definite article and أَرْضُ the nominative deputy subject of passive مُدَّتْ. مُدَّتْ — is spread Grammar: A passive third-person feminine-singular perfect; final تْ is the feminine marker.

4. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 4

وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ Sentence structure وَأَلْقَتْ is coordinated and has the understood earth as subject. Relative مَا is its object; فِيهَا belongs to the relative clause. وَتَخَلَّتْ is coordinated with understood هِيَ as subject. Ayah summary The earth will cast out its treasures and the remains of the dead, leaving itself empty. وَأَلْقَتْ — And has cast out Grammar: وَ coordinates; أَلْقَتْ is a Form IV feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject. مَا — what Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the object of أَلْقَتْ. فِيهَا — (is) in it Grammar: فِي is a preposition and attached هَا its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of the relative clause of مَا. وَتَخَلَّتْ — and becomes empty Grammar: وَ coordinates; تَخَلَّتْ is a Form V feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject.

5. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 5

وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ Sentence structure وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا is coordinated and has understood هِيَ, referring to the earth, as subject. وَحُقَّتْ is a coordinated passive perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject. Ayah summary The earth too will obey its Lord’s command completely. وَأَذِنَتْ — And has listened Grammar: وَ coordinates, and أَذِنَتْ is a feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject. لِرَبِّهَا — to its Lord Grammar: لِ is a preposition, رَبِّ its genitive noun, and attached هَا the genitive possessor. وَحُقَّتْ — and was obligated Grammar: وَ coordinates; حُقَّتْ is a passive feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject.

6. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 6

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًۭا فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ Sentence structure يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is a vocative. Attached كَ is the noun of إِنَّ and كَادِحٌ its predicate. إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ is linked to it and كَدْحًا is a cognate accusative. فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ contains an active participle and an attached pronoun whose exact case and referent have accepted analyses. Ayah summary Every person will labour in good or evil until meeting the Lord and facing the result of their deeds. يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا — O Grammar: يَا is the vocative particle, أَيُّ the addressed noun built on ḍamma in the accusative position, and هَا a particle of attention. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — mankind Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; إِنسَـٰنُ is a nominative explanatory apposition to أَيُّ. إِنَّكَ — Indeed, you Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative and emphatic; attached كَ is its accusative noun. كَادِحٌ — (are) laboring Grammar: An active participle functioning as the nominative predicate of إِنَّ. إِلَىٰ — to Grammar: A preposition linked to كَادِحٌ. رَبِّكَ — your Lord Grammar: رَبِّ is genitive after إِلَىٰ and attached كَ its genitive possessor. كَدْحًۭا — (with) exertion Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as a cognate accusative to كَادِحٌ. فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ — then you will meet him/it Grammar: فَ links the result; مُلَـٰقِي is an active participle and هِ an attached pronoun. It may be genitive by annexation or accusative as the participle's object, so neither case nor referent is scored.

7. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 7

فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ Sentence structure فَأَمَّا begins a detailed case. مَنْ is a relative topic whose relative clause is passive أُوتِىَ with understood هُوَ as deputy subject. كِتَـٰبَهُۥ is the object and بِيَمِينِهِۦ is linked to the verb. The result follows in ayah 8. Ayah summary The person given their record in the right hand will succeed. فَأَمَّا — Then as for Grammar: فَ resumes and أَمَّا introduces a detailed conditional case whose result follows in ayah 8. مَنْ — (him) who Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the topic; the passive clause أُوتِىَ is its relative clause. أُوتِىَ — is given Grammar: A Form IV passive third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood هُوَ as deputy subject. كِتَـٰبَهُۥ — his record Grammar: كِتَـٰبَ is the accusative object of أُوتِىَ and attached هُۥ its genitive possessor. بِيَمِينِهِۦ — in his right (hand) Grammar: بِ is a preposition, يَمِينِ its genitive noun, and attached هِۦ the genitive possessor; the phrase is linked to أُوتِىَ.

Practice questions

Question 1

إِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ ٱنشَقَّتْ ۝١ What is the role of ٱلسَّمَآءُ?

  • Subject of ٱنشَقَّتْ
  • Object
  • Adjective
  • Genitive complement

Question 2

وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ ۝٢ What is attached هَا in لِرَبِّهَا?

  • Subject
  • Genitive possessor
  • Object
  • Adjective

Question 3

وَإِذَا ٱلْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ ۝٣ What is ٱلْأَرْضُ with passive مُدَّتْ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Nominative deputy subject
  • Adjective

Question 4

وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ ۝٤ What is مَا in وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا?

  • Negative particle
  • Interrogative
  • Subject
  • Relative pronoun functioning as object

Question 5

وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ ۝٥ What is the voice of حُقَّتْ?

  • Passive perfect
  • Active perfect
  • Imperfect
  • Imperative

Question 6

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًۭا فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ ۝٦ What is the role of كَدْحًا?

  • Object
  • Cognate accusative
  • Circumstance
  • Adjective

Question 7

فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ ۝٧ What is كِتَـٰبَهُۥ with أُوتِىَ?

  • Deputy subject
  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Adjective

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