Ayahs 1–7 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 1
إِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ ٱنشَقَّتْ
Sentence structure
إِذَا introduces a non-jussive temporal condition. ٱلسَّمَآءُ is the nominative subject of the Form VII perfect ٱنشَقَّتْ. The response to the condition is omitted.
Ayah summary
At the Resurrection, the sky will split apart.
إِذَا — When
Grammar: A non-jussive conditional time adverb introducing the following clause.
ٱلسَّمَآءُ — the sky
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article and سَّمَآءُ the nominative feminine subject of ٱنشَقَّتْ.
ٱنشَقَّتْ — is split asunder
Grammar: A Form VII third-person feminine-singular perfect; final تْ is the feminine marker.
2. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 2
وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Sentence structure
وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا is coordinated with the preceding condition and has understood هِيَ as subject. وَحُقَّتْ is another coordinated passive perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject.
Ayah summary
The sky will receive its Lord’s command in complete obedience.
وَأَذِنَتْ — And has listened
Grammar: وَ coordinates, and أَذِنَتْ is a third-person feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject.
لِرَبِّهَا — to its Lord
Grammar: لِ is a preposition, رَبِّ its genitive noun, and attached هَا the genitive possessor.
وَحُقَّتْ — and was obligated
Grammar: وَ coordinates; حُقَّتْ is a passive feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject.
3. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 3
وَإِذَا ٱلْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ
Sentence structure
Coordinated وَإِذَا introduces another temporal condition. مُدَّتْ is a passive perfect and ٱلْأَرْضُ its nominative deputy subject.
Ayah summary
For the gathering, the earth will be stretched out and levelled.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِذَا is a non-jussive conditional time adverb.
ٱلْأَرْضُ — the earth
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article and أَرْضُ the nominative deputy subject of passive مُدَّتْ.
مُدَّتْ — is spread
Grammar: A passive third-person feminine-singular perfect; final تْ is the feminine marker.
4. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 4
وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ
Sentence structure
وَأَلْقَتْ is coordinated and has the understood earth as subject. Relative مَا is its object; فِيهَا belongs to the relative clause. وَتَخَلَّتْ is coordinated with understood هِيَ as subject.
Ayah summary
The earth will cast out its treasures and the remains of the dead, leaving itself empty.
وَأَلْقَتْ — And has cast out
Grammar: وَ coordinates; أَلْقَتْ is a Form IV feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject.
مَا — what
Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the object of أَلْقَتْ.
فِيهَا — (is) in it
Grammar: فِي is a preposition and attached هَا its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of the relative clause of مَا.
وَتَخَلَّتْ — and becomes empty
Grammar: وَ coordinates; تَخَلَّتْ is a Form V feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject.
5. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 5
وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Sentence structure
وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا is coordinated and has understood هِيَ, referring to the earth, as subject. وَحُقَّتْ is a coordinated passive perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject.
Ayah summary
The earth too will obey its Lord’s command completely.
وَأَذِنَتْ — And has listened
Grammar: وَ coordinates, and أَذِنَتْ is a feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as subject.
لِرَبِّهَا — to its Lord
Grammar: لِ is a preposition, رَبِّ its genitive noun, and attached هَا the genitive possessor.
وَحُقَّتْ — and was obligated
Grammar: وَ coordinates; حُقَّتْ is a passive feminine-singular perfect with understood هِيَ as deputy subject.
6. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 6
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًۭا فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ
Sentence structure
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is a vocative. Attached كَ is the noun of إِنَّ and كَادِحٌ its predicate. إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ is linked to it and كَدْحًا is a cognate accusative. فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ contains an active participle and an attached pronoun whose exact case and referent have accepted analyses.
Ayah summary
Every person will labour in good or evil until meeting the Lord and facing the result of their deeds.
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا — O
Grammar: يَا is the vocative particle, أَيُّ the addressed noun built on ḍamma in the accusative position, and هَا a particle of attention.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — mankind
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; إِنسَـٰنُ is a nominative explanatory apposition to أَيُّ.
إِنَّكَ — Indeed, you
Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative and emphatic; attached كَ is its accusative noun.
كَادِحٌ — (are) laboring
Grammar: An active participle functioning as the nominative predicate of إِنَّ.
إِلَىٰ — to
Grammar: A preposition linked to كَادِحٌ.
رَبِّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is genitive after إِلَىٰ and attached كَ its genitive possessor.
كَدْحًۭا — (with) exertion
Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as a cognate accusative to كَادِحٌ.
فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ — then you will meet him/it
Grammar: فَ links the result; مُلَـٰقِي is an active participle and هِ an attached pronoun. It may be genitive by annexation or accusative as the participle's object, so neither case nor referent is scored.
7. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 7
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَـٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ
Sentence structure
فَأَمَّا begins a detailed case. مَنْ is a relative topic whose relative clause is passive أُوتِىَ with understood هُوَ as deputy subject. كِتَـٰبَهُۥ is the object and بِيَمِينِهِۦ is linked to the verb. The result follows in ayah 8.
Ayah summary
The person given their record in the right hand will succeed.
فَأَمَّا — Then as for
Grammar: فَ resumes and أَمَّا introduces a detailed conditional case whose result follows in ayah 8.
مَنْ — (him) who
Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the topic; the passive clause أُوتِىَ is its relative clause.
أُوتِىَ — is given
Grammar: A Form IV passive third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood هُوَ as deputy subject.
كِتَـٰبَهُۥ — his record
Grammar: كِتَـٰبَ is the accusative object of أُوتِىَ and attached هُۥ its genitive possessor.
بِيَمِينِهِۦ — in his right (hand)
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, يَمِينِ its genitive noun, and attached هِۦ the genitive possessor; the phrase is linked to أُوتِىَ.