Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 3

Ayahs 14–19 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 14

إِنَّهُۥ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ Sentence structure Attached هُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ, while the clause beginning with ظَنَّ is its predicate. ظَنَّ has an understood subject; here أَن is the lightened form of أَنَّ, and its clause supplies the two complements of the verb of thinking. Ayah summary That person assumed there would be no return to Allah for account. إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed, he Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative and emphatic; attached هُۥ is its accusative noun. ظَنَّ — (had) thought Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with an understood subject; its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ, and the following أَن clause supplies the thought's complements. أَن — that Grammar: The lightened form of أَنَّ with an understood pronoun of matter; the لَّن يَحُورَ clause is its predicate. لَّن — never Grammar: A future negative and accusative particle making يَحُورَ subjunctive. يَحُورَ — he would return Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect made subjunctive by لَّن, with an understood subject.

2. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 15

بَلَىٰٓ إِنَّ رَبَّهُۥ كَانَ بِهِۦ بَصِيرًۭا Sentence structure بَلَىٰٓ answers the preceding negation affirmatively. رَبَّهُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ, and the deficient clause كَانَ بِهِۦ بَصِيرًا is its predicate; بَصِيرًا is the accusative predicate of كَانَ. Ayah summary The Lord was watching every state and deed and will not leave that person without account. بَلَىٰٓ — Yes Grammar: A non-governing response particle that answers the preceding negation affirmatively. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle; رَبَّهُۥ is its noun and the following deficient clause its predicate. رَبَّهُۥ — his Lord Grammar: رَبَّ is the accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached هُۥ is its genitive possessor. كَانَ — was Grammar: A deficient third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood هُوَ as its noun and بَصِيرًا as its predicate; its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ. بِهِۦ — of him Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِۦ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to بَصِيرًا. بَصِيرًۭا — All-Seer Grammar: An indefinite accusative adjective functioning as the predicate of كَانَ.

3. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 16

فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِٱلشَّفَقِ Sentence structure فَ resumes the discourse and لَآ is a non-governing negative particle whose precise rhetorical force has more than one accepted explanation. أُقْسِمُ is a first-person imperfect, and بِٱلشَّفَقِ is linked to it. Ayah summary An oath is sworn by the twilight glow. فَلَآ — But nay Grammar: فَ is resumptive and لَآ a non-governing negative particle; its precise rhetorical force is intentionally not reduced to one disputed explanation. أُقْسِمُ — I swear Grammar: A Form IV first-person singular imperfect with understood أَنَا as subject; بِٱلشَّفَقِ is linked to it. بِٱلشَّفَقِ — by the twilight glow Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱل the definite article, and شَّفَقِ its genitive noun; the phrase is linked to أُقْسِمُ.

4. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 17

وَٱلَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ Sentence structure وَٱلَّيْلِ is coordinated with the preceding oath phrase. In وَمَا, the relative مَا is likewise in the genitive position; وَسَقَ is its relative clause with an understood subject and an omitted returning object. Ayah summary An oath is sworn by the night and all that it gathers together. وَٱلَّيْلِ — And the night Grammar: وَ coordinates with the preceding oath phrase, ٱل is the definite article, and لَّيْلِ is a genitive coordinated noun. وَمَا — and what Grammar: وَ coordinates; relative مَا is in the genitive position because it is coordinated with ٱلَّيْلِ. وَسَقَ — it envelops Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect forming the relative clause, with an understood subject and an omitted returning object pronoun.

5. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 18

وَٱلْقَمَرِ إِذَا ٱتَّسَقَ Sentence structure وَٱلْقَمَرِ is another coordinated genitive oath noun. إِذَا introduces the time clause ٱتَّسَقَ; the latter is a Form VIII perfect with an understood subject referring to the moon. Ayah summary An oath is sworn by the moon when it becomes full. وَٱلْقَمَرِ — And the moon Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and قَمَرِ is a genitive coordinated oath noun. إِذَا — when Grammar: A time adverb introducing the clause ٱتَّسَقَ; its exact wider attachment is not made a quiz fact. ٱتَّسَقَ — it becomes full Grammar: A Form VIII third-person masculine-singular perfect in the time clause, with an understood subject referring to the moon.

6. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 19

لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍۢ Sentence structure لَ introduces the oath response. تَرْكَبُ is a second-person masculine-plural imperfect: its subject-wāw is omitted before the heavy emphatic نَّ. طَبَقًا is accusative; عَن طَبَقٍ has more than one accepted local attachment. Ayah summary Human beings will pass stage by stage from this world through death and Barzakh to the Resurrection. لَتَرْكَبُنَّ — You will surely embark Grammar: لَ marks the oath response; تَرْكَبُ is a second-person masculine-plural imperfect whose subject-wāw is omitted before the heavy emphatic نَّ. طَبَقًا — (to) stage Grammar: An indefinite accusative noun; it is taught here as the object. عَن — from Grammar: A preposition; عَن طَبَقٍ may describe طَبَقًا or function circumstantially, so one attachment is not imposed. طَبَقٍۢ — stage Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun governed by عَن.

Practice questions

Question 1

إِنَّهُۥ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ ۝١٤ What makes يَحُورَ subjunctive?

  • إِنَّ
  • لَّن
  • بَلَىٰٓ
  • كَانَ

Question 2

بَلَىٰٓ إِنَّ رَبَّهُۥ كَانَ بِهِۦ بَصِيرًۭا ۝١٥ What is بَصِيرًا in the deficient clause?

  • Noun of kāna
  • Subject
  • Accusative predicate of kāna
  • Genitive adjective

Question 3

فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِٱلشَّفَقِ ۝١٦ What is the grammar of بِٱلشَّفَقِ?

  • A nominative topic
  • An object
  • A circumstantial noun
  • A prepositional phrase linked to uqsimu

Question 4

وَٱلَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ ۝١٧ What is مَا in وَمَا وَسَقَ?

  • A relative pronoun in the genitive position
  • A negative particle
  • An interrogative topic
  • An accusative object stated explicitly

Question 5

وَٱلْقَمَرِ إِذَا ٱتَّسَقَ ۝١٨ What form is ٱتَّسَقَ?

  • Form II imperative
  • Form VIII perfect
  • Form IV imperfect
  • A passive participle

Question 6

لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍۢ ۝١٩ What is final نَّ in لَتَرْكَبُنَّ?

  • A feminine marker
  • A nominal nūn
  • Heavy emphatic nūn
  • An object pronoun

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