Ayahs 14–19 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 14
إِنَّهُۥ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ
Sentence structure
Attached هُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ, while the clause beginning with ظَنَّ is its predicate. ظَنَّ has an understood subject; here أَن is the lightened form of أَنَّ, and its clause supplies the two complements of the verb of thinking.
Ayah summary
That person assumed there would be no return to Allah for account.
إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed, he
Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative and emphatic; attached هُۥ is its accusative noun.
ظَنَّ — (had) thought
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with an understood subject; its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ, and the following أَن clause supplies the thought's complements.
أَن — that
Grammar: The lightened form of أَنَّ with an understood pronoun of matter; the لَّن يَحُورَ clause is its predicate.
لَّن — never
Grammar: A future negative and accusative particle making يَحُورَ subjunctive.
يَحُورَ — he would return
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect made subjunctive by لَّن, with an understood subject.
2. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 15
بَلَىٰٓ إِنَّ رَبَّهُۥ كَانَ بِهِۦ بَصِيرًۭا
Sentence structure
بَلَىٰٓ answers the preceding negation affirmatively. رَبَّهُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ, and the deficient clause كَانَ بِهِۦ بَصِيرًا is its predicate; بَصِيرًا is the accusative predicate of كَانَ.
Ayah summary
The Lord was watching every state and deed and will not leave that person without account.
بَلَىٰٓ — Yes
Grammar: A non-governing response particle that answers the preceding negation affirmatively.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle; رَبَّهُۥ is its noun and the following deficient clause its predicate.
رَبَّهُۥ — his Lord
Grammar: رَبَّ is the accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached هُۥ is its genitive possessor.
كَانَ — was
Grammar: A deficient third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood هُوَ as its noun and بَصِيرًا as its predicate; its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.
بِهِۦ — of him
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِۦ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to بَصِيرًا.
بَصِيرًۭا — All-Seer
Grammar: An indefinite accusative adjective functioning as the predicate of كَانَ.
3. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 16
فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِٱلشَّفَقِ
Sentence structure
فَ resumes the discourse and لَآ is a non-governing negative particle whose precise rhetorical force has more than one accepted explanation. أُقْسِمُ is a first-person imperfect, and بِٱلشَّفَقِ is linked to it.
Ayah summary
An oath is sworn by the twilight glow.
فَلَآ — But nay
Grammar: فَ is resumptive and لَآ a non-governing negative particle; its precise rhetorical force is intentionally not reduced to one disputed explanation.
أُقْسِمُ — I swear
Grammar: A Form IV first-person singular imperfect with understood أَنَا as subject; بِٱلشَّفَقِ is linked to it.
بِٱلشَّفَقِ — by the twilight glow
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱل the definite article, and شَّفَقِ its genitive noun; the phrase is linked to أُقْسِمُ.
4. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 17
وَٱلَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ
Sentence structure
وَٱلَّيْلِ is coordinated with the preceding oath phrase. In وَمَا, the relative مَا is likewise in the genitive position; وَسَقَ is its relative clause with an understood subject and an omitted returning object.
Ayah summary
An oath is sworn by the night and all that it gathers together.
وَٱلَّيْلِ — And the night
Grammar: وَ coordinates with the preceding oath phrase, ٱل is the definite article, and لَّيْلِ is a genitive coordinated noun.
وَمَا — and what
Grammar: وَ coordinates; relative مَا is in the genitive position because it is coordinated with ٱلَّيْلِ.
وَسَقَ — it envelops
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect forming the relative clause, with an understood subject and an omitted returning object pronoun.
5. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 18
وَٱلْقَمَرِ إِذَا ٱتَّسَقَ
Sentence structure
وَٱلْقَمَرِ is another coordinated genitive oath noun. إِذَا introduces the time clause ٱتَّسَقَ; the latter is a Form VIII perfect with an understood subject referring to the moon.
Ayah summary
An oath is sworn by the moon when it becomes full.
وَٱلْقَمَرِ — And the moon
Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and قَمَرِ is a genitive coordinated oath noun.
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A time adverb introducing the clause ٱتَّسَقَ; its exact wider attachment is not made a quiz fact.
ٱتَّسَقَ — it becomes full
Grammar: A Form VIII third-person masculine-singular perfect in the time clause, with an understood subject referring to the moon.
6. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 19
لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍۢ
Sentence structure
لَ introduces the oath response. تَرْكَبُ is a second-person masculine-plural imperfect: its subject-wāw is omitted before the heavy emphatic نَّ. طَبَقًا is accusative; عَن طَبَقٍ has more than one accepted local attachment.
Ayah summary
Human beings will pass stage by stage from this world through death and Barzakh to the Resurrection.
لَتَرْكَبُنَّ — You will surely embark
Grammar: لَ marks the oath response; تَرْكَبُ is a second-person masculine-plural imperfect whose subject-wāw is omitted before the heavy emphatic نَّ.
طَبَقًا — (to) stage
Grammar: An indefinite accusative noun; it is taught here as the object.
عَن — from
Grammar: A preposition; عَن طَبَقٍ may describe طَبَقًا or function circumstantially, so one attachment is not imposed.
طَبَقٍۢ — stage
Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun governed by عَن.