Ayahs 20–25 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 20
فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Sentence structure
In فَمَا, interrogative مَا is the topic and لَهُمْ its predicate. The negative verbal clause لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ functions circumstantially; attached wāw is the subject and final nūn marks the indicative.
Ayah summary
Despite this momentous journey, why do these people not believe?
فَمَا — So what
Grammar: فَ is resumptive; interrogative مَا is a nominative topic, not a negative particle.
لَهُمْ — (is) for them
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase functions as the predicate of interrogative مَا.
لَا — not
Grammar: A non-governing negative particle; the following verbal clause functions circumstantially.
يُؤْمِنُونَ — they believe
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural imperfect in a circumstantial clause. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
2. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 21
وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْقُرْءَانُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ ۩
Sentence structure
وَإِذَا introduces a future non-jussive condition. Passive قُرِئَ is the condition verb and ٱلْقُرْءَانُ its nominative deputy subject; لَا يَسْجُدُونَ is the response.
Ayah summary
Even when the Qur’an is recited, they do not prostrate or humble themselves.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِذَا is a future non-jussive conditional time adverb.
قُرِئَ — is recited
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive perfect serving as the condition verb.
عَلَيْهِمُ — to them
Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached هِمُ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to قُرِئَ.
ٱلْقُرْءَانُ — the Quran
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; قُرْءَانُ is the nominative deputy subject of passive قُرِئَ.
لَا — not
Grammar: A non-governing negative particle beginning the conditional response.
يَسْجُدُونَ ۩ — they prostrate
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural imperfect forming the conditional response. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative; the final sajdah sign is a recitation marker, not a syntactic segment.
3. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 22
بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يُكَذِّبُونَ
Sentence structure
بَلِ resumes with a contrast. ٱلَّذِينَ is the nominative topic, كَفَرُوا۟ its relative clause, and يُكَذِّبُونَ its verbal predicate.
Ayah summary
Rather, the deniers persist in rejecting the truth.
بَلِ — Nay
Grammar: A non-governing contrastive/resumptive particle; its final kasra avoids two consonants meeting.
ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the nominative topic; كَفَرُوا۟ is its relative clause.
كَفَرُوا۟ — disbelieved
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
يُكَذِّبُونَ — deny
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-plural imperfect functioning as the predicate. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
4. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 23
وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ
Sentence structure
ٱللَّهُ is the nominative topic and أَعْلَمُ its nominative elative predicate. In بِمَا, مَا is a genitive relative pronoun; يُوعُونَ is its relative clause with an omitted returning object.
Ayah summary
Allah fully knows the denial, hostility, and enmity hidden in their hearts.
وَٱللَّهُ — And Allah
Grammar: وَ is resumptive and ٱللَّهُ a nominative proper noun functioning as the topic.
أَعْلَمُ — (is) most knowing
Grammar: A nominative elative noun functioning as the predicate of ٱللَّهُ; it is diptote on the pattern afʿal.
بِمَا — of what
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and relative مَا is in the genitive position; the phrase is linked to أَعْلَمُ.
يُوعُونَ — they keep within themselves
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural imperfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject, final ن marks the indicative, and the returning object is omitted.
5. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 24
فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
Sentence structure
In فَبَشِّرْهُم, بَشِّرْ is a Form II imperative with necessarily understood أَنْتَ as subject and attached هُم as object. بِعَذَابٍ is linked to it and أَلِيمٍ is a genitive adjective.
Ayah summary
Give them news of a painful punishment as the consequence of their deeds.
فَبَشِّرْهُم — so give them tidings
Grammar: فَ is causal/resumptive, بَشِّرْ a Form II second-person masculine-singular imperative with understood أَنْتَ as subject, and attached هُم its object.
بِعَذَابٍ — of a punishment
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and عَذَابٍ an indefinite genitive noun; the phrase is linked to بَشِّرْ.
أَلِيمٍ — painful
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive adjective describing عَذَابٍ.
6. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 25
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍۭ
Sentence structure
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ has connected-exception and disconnected/topic analyses, so no single role is imposed. ءَامَنُوا۟ and وَعَمِلُوا۟ form the relative clause; ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is the object. In the topic analysis لَهُمْ is the fronted predicate and أَجْرٌ the delayed topic; غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ describes it.
Ayah summary
Those who believe and do righteous deeds will have a reward that never ends.
إِلَّا — Except
Grammar: An exception particle. The following relative pronoun has accepted connected-exception and disconnected/topic analyses.
ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun: accusative as an exception in one analysis, or nominative as a topic in the disconnected analysis; its relative clause follows.
ءَامَنُوا۟ — believe
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
وَعَمِلُوا۟ — and do
Grammar: وَ coordinates; عَمِلُوا۟ is a third-person masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ — righteous deeds
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; صَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is the accusative object of عَمِلُوا۟, marked by kasra as a sound feminine plural.
لَهُمْ — For them
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; in the topic analysis the phrase is the fronted predicate.
أَجْرٌ — (is) a reward
Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun; in the disconnected/topic analysis it is the delayed topic after لَهُمْ.
غَيْرُ — never
Grammar: A nominative adjective describing أَجْرٌ and annexed to مَمْنُونٍ.
مَمْنُونٍۭ — ending
Grammar: An indefinite genitive passive participle functioning as the genitive complement of غَيْرُ.