Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 4

Ayahs 20–25 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Inshiqaq — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 20

فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ Sentence structure In فَمَا, interrogative مَا is the topic and لَهُمْ its predicate. The negative verbal clause لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ functions circumstantially; attached wāw is the subject and final nūn marks the indicative. Ayah summary Despite this momentous journey, why do these people not believe? فَمَا — So what Grammar: فَ is resumptive; interrogative مَا is a nominative topic, not a negative particle. لَهُمْ — (is) for them Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase functions as the predicate of interrogative مَا. لَا — not Grammar: A non-governing negative particle; the following verbal clause functions circumstantially. يُؤْمِنُونَ — they believe Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural imperfect in a circumstantial clause. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.

2. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 21

وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْقُرْءَانُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ ۩ Sentence structure وَإِذَا introduces a future non-jussive condition. Passive قُرِئَ is the condition verb and ٱلْقُرْءَانُ its nominative deputy subject; لَا يَسْجُدُونَ is the response. Ayah summary Even when the Qur’an is recited, they do not prostrate or humble themselves. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِذَا is a future non-jussive conditional time adverb. قُرِئَ — is recited Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive perfect serving as the condition verb. عَلَيْهِمُ — to them Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached هِمُ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to قُرِئَ. ٱلْقُرْءَانُ — the Quran Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; قُرْءَانُ is the nominative deputy subject of passive قُرِئَ. لَا — not Grammar: A non-governing negative particle beginning the conditional response. يَسْجُدُونَ ۩ — they prostrate Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural imperfect forming the conditional response. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative; the final sajdah sign is a recitation marker, not a syntactic segment.

3. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 22

بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يُكَذِّبُونَ Sentence structure بَلِ resumes with a contrast. ٱلَّذِينَ is the nominative topic, كَفَرُوا۟ its relative clause, and يُكَذِّبُونَ its verbal predicate. Ayah summary Rather, the deniers persist in rejecting the truth. بَلِ — Nay Grammar: A non-governing contrastive/resumptive particle; its final kasra avoids two consonants meeting. ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the nominative topic; كَفَرُوا۟ is its relative clause. كَفَرُوا۟ — disbelieved Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic. يُكَذِّبُونَ — deny Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-plural imperfect functioning as the predicate. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.

4. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 23

وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ Sentence structure ٱللَّهُ is the nominative topic and أَعْلَمُ its nominative elative predicate. In بِمَا, مَا is a genitive relative pronoun; يُوعُونَ is its relative clause with an omitted returning object. Ayah summary Allah fully knows the denial, hostility, and enmity hidden in their hearts. وَٱللَّهُ — And Allah Grammar: وَ is resumptive and ٱللَّهُ a nominative proper noun functioning as the topic. أَعْلَمُ — (is) most knowing Grammar: A nominative elative noun functioning as the predicate of ٱللَّهُ; it is diptote on the pattern afʿal. بِمَا — of what Grammar: بِ is a preposition and relative مَا is in the genitive position; the phrase is linked to أَعْلَمُ. يُوعُونَ — they keep within themselves Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural imperfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject, final ن marks the indicative, and the returning object is omitted.

5. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 24

فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ Sentence structure In فَبَشِّرْهُم, بَشِّرْ is a Form II imperative with necessarily understood أَنْتَ as subject and attached هُم as object. بِعَذَابٍ is linked to it and أَلِيمٍ is a genitive adjective. Ayah summary Give them news of a painful punishment as the consequence of their deeds. فَبَشِّرْهُم — so give them tidings Grammar: فَ is causal/resumptive, بَشِّرْ a Form II second-person masculine-singular imperative with understood أَنْتَ as subject, and attached هُم its object. بِعَذَابٍ — of a punishment Grammar: بِ is a preposition and عَذَابٍ an indefinite genitive noun; the phrase is linked to بَشِّرْ. أَلِيمٍ — painful Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive adjective describing عَذَابٍ.

6. Surah Al-Inshiqaq · Ayah 25

إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍۭ Sentence structure إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ has connected-exception and disconnected/topic analyses, so no single role is imposed. ءَامَنُوا۟ and وَعَمِلُوا۟ form the relative clause; ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is the object. In the topic analysis لَهُمْ is the fronted predicate and أَجْرٌ the delayed topic; غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ describes it. Ayah summary Those who believe and do righteous deeds will have a reward that never ends. إِلَّا — Except Grammar: An exception particle. The following relative pronoun has accepted connected-exception and disconnected/topic analyses. ٱلَّذِينَ — those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun: accusative as an exception in one analysis, or nominative as a topic in the disconnected analysis; its relative clause follows. ءَامَنُوا۟ — believe Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic. وَعَمِلُوا۟ — and do Grammar: وَ coordinates; عَمِلُوا۟ is a third-person masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic. ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ — righteous deeds Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; صَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is the accusative object of عَمِلُوا۟, marked by kasra as a sound feminine plural. لَهُمْ — For them Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; in the topic analysis the phrase is the fronted predicate. أَجْرٌ — (is) a reward Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun; in the disconnected/topic analysis it is the delayed topic after لَهُمْ. غَيْرُ — never Grammar: A nominative adjective describing أَجْرٌ and annexed to مَمْنُونٍ. مَمْنُونٍۭ — ending Grammar: An indefinite genitive passive participle functioning as the genitive complement of غَيْرُ.

Practice questions

Question 1

فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ ۝٢٠ What is interrogative مَا in فَمَا لَهُمْ?

  • A negative particle
  • An object
  • A genitive noun
  • A nominative topic

Question 2

وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْقُرْءَانُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ ۩ ۝٢١ What is ٱلْقُرْءَانُ with passive قُرِئَ?

  • Nominative deputy subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement

Question 3

بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يُكَذِّبُونَ ۝٢٢ What is ٱلَّذِينَ after بَلِ?

  • Object
  • Nominative topic
  • Genitive adjective
  • Circumstance

Question 4

وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ ۝٢٣ What is أَعْلَمُ in وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Nominative predicate
  • Genitive adjective

Question 5

فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝٢٤ What is attached هُم in فَبَشِّرْهُم?

  • Subject
  • Deputy subject
  • Genitive possessor
  • Object

Question 6

إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍۭ ۝٢٥ How is ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ marked as the object?

  • With kasra as a sound feminine plural
  • With wāw
  • With yā
  • With deletion of nūn

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