Surah Al-Kawthar — Part 1

Ayahs 1–3 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Kawthar — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Kawthar · Ayah 1

إِنَّآ أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ ٱلْكَوْثَرَ ۝١ Sentence structure Emphatic particle إِنَّ takes attached نَا as its accusative subject. The verbal clause أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ ٱلْكَوْثَرَ is its predicate: attached نَا is the verb's subject, كَ its first object, and ٱلْكَوْثَرَ its second object. Ayah summary Allah granted the Prophet ﷺ Al-Kawthar, meaning abundant good. إِنَّآ — Indeed, We Grammar: إِنَّ is an emphatic accusative particle; attached first-person-plural نَا is its pronoun subject in the accusative position. أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ — We have given you Grammar: A Form IV first-person-plural perfect; attached نَا is the visible subject and كَ the first object. ٱلْكَوْثَرَ — Al-Kauthar Grammar: A defined masculine accusative noun serving as the second object of أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ.

2. Surah Al-Kawthar · Ayah 2

فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَٱنْحَرْ ۝٢ Sentence structure فَ connects the command to what precedes. Form II imperative صَلِّ is followed by its linked phrase لِرَبِّكَ, while وَ coordinates the imperative ٱنْحَرْ. Ayah summary Therefore, the Prophet ﷺ should pray and sacrifice for his Lord alone. فَصَلِّ — So pray Grammar: فَ is a connecting particle and صَلِّ is a second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative whose subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنْتَ». لِرَبِّكَ — to your Lord Grammar: Preposition لِ governs رَبِّ and attached كَ is possessive; the phrase is linked to صَلِّ. وَٱنْحَرْ — and sacrifice Grammar: وَ coordinates ٱنْحَرْ, a second-person masculine-singular imperative whose subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنْتَ», to صَلِّ.

3. Surah Al-Kawthar · Ayah 3

إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ ٱلْأَبْتَرُ ۝٣ Sentence structure Emphatic particle إِنَّ takes the accusative active participle شَانِئَكَ as its subject. The nominal clause هُوَ ٱلْأَبْتَرُ is its predicate, with ٱلْأَبْتَرُ as the nominative predicate of هُوَ. Ayah summary Surely, the one who hates the Prophet ﷺ will be left without lasting honour. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An emphatic accusative particle governing its following subject and predicate. شَانِئَكَ — your enemy Grammar: A masculine accusative active participle serving as the subject of إِنَّ; attached كَ is its possessive pronoun. هُوَ — he (is) Grammar: An independent third-person masculine-singular pronoun serving as the subject of the nominal clause. ٱلْأَبْتَرُ — the one cut off Grammar: A defined masculine nominative noun serving as the predicate of هُوَ.

Practice questions

Question 1

إِنَّآ أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ ٱلْكَوْثَرَ ۝١ What is the role of ٱلْكَوْثَرَ?

  • Second object of أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ
  • Nominative subject
  • Genitive complement
  • Conjunction

Question 2

فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَٱنْحَرْ ۝٢ What is the case of رَبِّ after لِ?

  • Nominative
  • Genitive
  • Accusative
  • Jussive

Question 3

إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ ٱلْأَبْتَرُ ۝٣ What is the role of شَانِئَكَ after إِنَّ?

  • Predicate of هُوَ
  • Genitive noun
  • Accusative subject of إِنَّ
  • Imperative verb

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