Ayahs 1–7 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Layl — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 1
وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَٱلَّيْلِ is a genitive oath phrase. إِذَا introduces a time clause; يَغْشَىٰ is an imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.
Ayah summary
Allah swears by the night as it covers everything.
وَٱلَّيْلِ — By the night
Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition; ٱل defines the masculine genitive oath noun لَّيْلِ. The oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «ٱلَّيْلِ».
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A non-governing temporal adverb introducing the following time clause. This phrase is linked through an omitted element.
يَغْشَىٰ — it covers
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.
2. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 2
وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ
Sentence structure
وَٱلنَّهَارِ is coordinated as another genitive oath noun. إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ is its time clause; تَجَلَّىٰ is a Form V perfect with understood subject.
Ayah summary
And by the day as it becomes bright.
وَٱلنَّهَارِ — And the day
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱل defines the masculine genitive oath noun نَّهَارِ. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «ٱلنَّهَارِ».
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A non-governing temporal adverb introducing the following time clause. This phrase is linked through an omitted element.
تَجَلَّىٰ — it shines
Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
3. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 3
وَمَا خَلَقَ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ
Sentence structure
وَمَا coordinates a relative noun. خَلَقَ is its relative clause; ٱلذَّكَرَ is the object and وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ is coordinated with it.
Ayah summary
And by the One who created the male and the female.
وَمَا — And the One who
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a relative noun whose clause follows.
خَلَقَ — created
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect forming the relative clause; subject هُوَ is understood.
ٱلذَّكَرَ — the male
Grammar: A masculine accusative object of خَلَقَ, defined by ٱل.
وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ — and the female
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined feminine noun is accusative, coordinated with ٱلذَّكَرَ.
4. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 4
إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ
Sentence structure
إِنَّ governs سَعْيَكُمْ as its accusative noun. Emphatic لَ precedes the nominative predicate شَتَّىٰ.
Ayah summary
Surely your efforts are diverse and opposed to one another.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An emphatic particle that makes its noun accusative and predicate nominative.
سَعْيَكُمْ — your efforts
Grammar: A masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached كُمْ is the masculine-plural possessor.
لَشَتَّىٰ — are surely diverse
Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes the nominative predicate شَتَّىٰ.
5. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 5
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَٱتَّقَىٰ
Sentence structure
فَأَمَّا مَنْ opens the first explanatory branch. أَعْطَىٰ is Form IV and وَٱتَّقَىٰ is a coordinated Form VIII perfect; both have understood subject هُوَ.
Ayah summary
A person gives in Allah's way and remains mindful of Him.
فَأَمَّا — Then as for
Grammar: فَ resumes and أَمَّا is an explanatory/conditional particle introducing a branch.
مَنْ — the one who
Grammar: A relative/conditional noun introducing the following verbal clauses.
أَعْطَىٰ — gave
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
وَٱتَّقَىٰ — and was mindful
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱتَّقَىٰ is a Form VIII perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
6. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 6
وَصَدَّقَ بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَصَدَّقَ is coordinated with the preceding verbs and is Form II. بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ is a prepositional phrase linked to it.
Ayah summary
He accepts the best truth as true.
وَصَدَّقَ — And affirmed
Grammar: وَ coordinates; صَدَّقَ is a Form II perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ — the best
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱل defines, and حُسْنَىٰ is feminine and genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «صَدَّقَ».
7. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 7
فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ
Sentence structure
فَ marks the result, سَ the future, and نُيَسِّرُ a Form II first-person-plural imperfect. هُۥ is its object; لِلْيُسْرَىٰ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
We will make the path of goodness and a good end easy for him.
فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ — Then We shall ease him
Grammar: فَ marks result, سَ future; نُيَسِّرُ is Form II first-person-plural imperfect and هُۥ its object. Its subject is the hidden pronoun «نَحْنُ».
لِلْيُسْرَىٰ — towards ease
Grammar: لِ is a preposition, ٱل defines, and يُسْرَىٰ is feminine and genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «نُيَسِّرُهُۥ».