Surah Al-Layl — Part 1

Ayahs 1–7 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Layl — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 1

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ Sentence structure وَٱلَّيْلِ is a genitive oath phrase. إِذَا introduces a time clause; يَغْشَىٰ is an imperfect with understood subject هُوَ. Ayah summary Allah swears by the night as it covers everything. وَٱلَّيْلِ — By the night Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition; ٱل defines the masculine genitive oath noun لَّيْلِ. The oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «ٱلَّيْلِ». إِذَا — when Grammar: A non-governing temporal adverb introducing the following time clause. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. يَغْشَىٰ — it covers Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.

2. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 2

وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ Sentence structure وَٱلنَّهَارِ is coordinated as another genitive oath noun. إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ is its time clause; تَجَلَّىٰ is a Form V perfect with understood subject. Ayah summary And by the day as it becomes bright. وَٱلنَّهَارِ — And the day Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱل defines the masculine genitive oath noun نَّهَارِ. An omitted circumstantial element is associated with «ٱلنَّهَارِ». إِذَا — when Grammar: A non-governing temporal adverb introducing the following time clause. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. تَجَلَّىٰ — it shines Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

3. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 3

وَمَا خَلَقَ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ Sentence structure وَمَا coordinates a relative noun. خَلَقَ is its relative clause; ٱلذَّكَرَ is the object and وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ is coordinated with it. Ayah summary And by the One who created the male and the female. وَمَا — And the One who Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a relative noun whose clause follows. خَلَقَ — created Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect forming the relative clause; subject هُوَ is understood. ٱلذَّكَرَ — the male Grammar: A masculine accusative object of خَلَقَ, defined by ٱل. وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ — and the female Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined feminine noun is accusative, coordinated with ٱلذَّكَرَ.

4. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 4

إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ Sentence structure إِنَّ governs سَعْيَكُمْ as its accusative noun. Emphatic لَ precedes the nominative predicate شَتَّىٰ. Ayah summary Surely your efforts are diverse and opposed to one another. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An emphatic particle that makes its noun accusative and predicate nominative. سَعْيَكُمْ — your efforts Grammar: A masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ; attached كُمْ is the masculine-plural possessor. لَشَتَّىٰ — are surely diverse Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes the nominative predicate شَتَّىٰ.

5. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 5

فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَٱتَّقَىٰ Sentence structure فَأَمَّا مَنْ opens the first explanatory branch. أَعْطَىٰ is Form IV and وَٱتَّقَىٰ is a coordinated Form VIII perfect; both have understood subject هُوَ. Ayah summary A person gives in Allah's way and remains mindful of Him. فَأَمَّا — Then as for Grammar: فَ resumes and أَمَّا is an explanatory/conditional particle introducing a branch. مَنْ — the one who Grammar: A relative/conditional noun introducing the following verbal clauses. أَعْطَىٰ — gave Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ. وَٱتَّقَىٰ — and was mindful Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱتَّقَىٰ is a Form VIII perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

6. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 6

وَصَدَّقَ بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ Sentence structure وَصَدَّقَ is coordinated with the preceding verbs and is Form II. بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ is a prepositional phrase linked to it. Ayah summary He accepts the best truth as true. وَصَدَّقَ — And affirmed Grammar: وَ coordinates; صَدَّقَ is a Form II perfect with understood subject هُوَ. بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ — the best Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱل defines, and حُسْنَىٰ is feminine and genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «صَدَّقَ».

7. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 7

فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ Sentence structure فَ marks the result, سَ the future, and نُيَسِّرُ a Form II first-person-plural imperfect. هُۥ is its object; لِلْيُسْرَىٰ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary We will make the path of goodness and a good end easy for him. فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ — Then We shall ease him Grammar: فَ marks result, سَ future; نُيَسِّرُ is Form II first-person-plural imperfect and هُۥ its object. Its subject is the hidden pronoun «نَحْنُ». لِلْيُسْرَىٰ — towards ease Grammar: لِ is a preposition, ٱل defines, and يُسْرَىٰ is feminine and genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «نُيَسِّرُهُۥ».

Practice questions

Question 1

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ ۝١ What case is ٱلَّيْلِ after oath وَ?

  • Genitive
  • Accusative
  • Nominative
  • Jussive

Question 2

وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ ۝٢ What form is تَجَلَّىٰ?

  • Form II
  • Form V
  • Form IV
  • Form X

Question 3

وَمَا خَلَقَ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ ۝٣ What is ٱلذَّكَرَ with خَلَقَ?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Accusative object
  • Genitive complement

Question 4

إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ ۝٤ What is شَتَّىٰ in the clause?

  • Noun of inna
  • Object
  • Subject
  • Nominative predicate

Question 5

فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَٱتَّقَىٰ ۝٥ What form is أَعْطَىٰ?

  • Form IV
  • Form II
  • Form VIII
  • Form X

Question 6

وَصَدَّقَ بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۝٦ What is بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ?

  • Subject
  • A prepositional phrase
  • Object
  • Predicate

Question 7

فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ ۝٧ What is attached هُۥ in فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ?

  • Subject
  • Possessor
  • Object
  • Predicate

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