Surah Al-Layl — Part 2

1. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 8

وَأَمَّا مَنۢ بَخِلَ وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَأَمَّا مَن opens the contrasting branch. بَخِلَ is a perfect and وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ a coordinated Form X perfect; both have understood subject.

Ayah summary
Another person is miserly and acts self-sufficient.

وَأَمَّا — But as for
Grammar: وَ coordinates and أَمَّا introduces the contrasting explanatory branch.

مَنۢ — the one who
Grammar: A relative/conditional noun introducing the following verbal clauses.

بَخِلَ — withheld
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ — and considered himself free of need
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱسْتَغْنَىٰ is a Form X perfect with understood subject.

2. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 9

وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَكَذَّبَ is a coordinated Form II perfect with understood subject. بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ is a prepositional phrase linked to it.

Ayah summary
He rejects the best truth as false.

وَكَذَّبَ — And denied
Grammar: وَ coordinates; كَذَّبَ is a Form II perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ — the best
Grammar: بِ is a preposition; the defined feminine noun is genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «كَذَّبَ».

3. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 10

فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ
Sentence structure
The result clause mirrors ayah 7: فَ introduces the result, سَ the future, نُيَسِّرُ is Form II, and هُۥ its object.

Ayah summary
We will steadily lead him along the path to a difficult end.

فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ — Then We shall ease him
Grammar: فَ marks result, سَ future; نُيَسِّرُ is Form II first-person-plural imperfect and هُۥ its object. Its subject is the hidden pronoun «نَحْنُ».

لِلْعُسْرَىٰ — towards hardship
Grammar: لِ is a preposition; the defined feminine noun is genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «نُيَسِّرُهُۥ».

4. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 11

وَمَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُ مَالُهُۥٓ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰٓ
Sentence structure
وَمَا coordinates and negates يُغْنِى. مَالُهُۥٓ is its subject; عَنْهُ is linked to the verb. إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰٓ is a time clause.

Ayah summary
When he falls into ruin, his wealth will be of no benefit to him.

وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a non-governing negative particle.

يُغْنِى — will avail
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose explicit subject is مَالُهُۥٓ.

عَنْهُ — him
Grammar: عَنْ is a preposition and attached هُ a masculine-singular genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «يُغْنِى».

مَالُهُۥٓ — his wealth
Grammar: A masculine nominative subject of يُغْنِى; attached هُۥ is the possessor.

إِذَا — when
Grammar: A non-governing temporal adverb introducing the following time clause.

تَرَدَّىٰٓ — he falls
Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

5. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 12

إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ
Sentence structure
إِنَّ begins an emphatic nominal clause. عَلَيْنَا is a prepositional phrase in the predicate construction; لَلْهُدَىٰ contains emphatic lām and the accusative noun of إِنَّ.

Ayah summary
Surely it is for Us to make the straight way clear.

إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An emphatic particle that makes its noun accusative and predicate nominative. The clause introduced by «إِنَّ» has an omitted predicate.

عَلَيْنَا — upon Us
Grammar: عَلَىٰ is a preposition and attached نَا a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase belongs to the predicate construction. This phrase is linked through an omitted element.

لَلْهُدَىٰ — is the guidance
Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes ٱلْهُدَىٰ, the accusative noun of إِنَّ.

6. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 13

وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ وَٱلْأُولَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَإِنَّ coordinates an emphatic clause. لَنَا is the predicate phrase; لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ is the accusative noun with emphatic lām, and وَٱلْأُولَىٰ is coordinated with it.

Ayah summary
And both this world and the Hereafter are under Our authority.

وَإِنَّ — And indeed
Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِنَّ is an emphatic accusative-governing particle.

لَنَا — for Us
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and attached نَا a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the predicate.

لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ — is the Hereafter
Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes the feminine accusative noun of إِنَّ, defined by ٱل.

وَٱلْأُولَىٰ — and the first life
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined feminine accusative noun is coordinated with ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةَ.

7. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 14

فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ
Sentence structure
فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ is Form IV: attached تُ is subject and كُمْ first object. نَارًا is the second object; تَلَظَّىٰ is its adjectival clause.

Ayah summary
So We have warned you of a blazing fire.

فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ — So I warned you
Grammar: فَ resumes; أَنذَرْ is Form IV, attached تُ subject and كُمْ first object.

نَارًۭا — of a Fire
Grammar: An indefinite feminine accusative second object of أَنذَرْتُكُمْ.

تَلَظَّىٰ — blazing
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular imperfect with understood subject هِيَ; its clause describes نَارًا.