Surah Al-Layl — Part 2
Ayahs 8–14 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Layl — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 8
وَأَمَّا مَنۢ بَخِلَ وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ Sentence structure وَأَمَّا مَن opens the contrasting branch. بَخِلَ is a perfect and وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ a coordinated Form X perfect; both have understood subject. Ayah summary Another person is miserly and acts self-sufficient. وَأَمَّا — But as for Grammar: وَ coordinates and أَمَّا introduces the contrasting explanatory branch. مَنۢ — the one who Grammar: A relative/conditional noun introducing the following verbal clauses. بَخِلَ — withheld Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ. وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ — and considered himself free of need Grammar: وَ coordinates; ٱسْتَغْنَىٰ is a Form X perfect with understood subject.
2. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 9
وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ Sentence structure وَكَذَّبَ is a coordinated Form II perfect with understood subject. بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ is a prepositional phrase linked to it. Ayah summary He rejects the best truth as false. وَكَذَّبَ — And denied Grammar: وَ coordinates; كَذَّبَ is a Form II perfect with understood subject هُوَ. بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ — the best Grammar: بِ is a preposition; the defined feminine noun is genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «كَذَّبَ».
3. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 10
فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ Sentence structure The result clause mirrors ayah 7: فَ introduces the result, سَ the future, نُيَسِّرُ is Form II, and هُۥ its object. Ayah summary We will steadily lead him along the path to a difficult end. فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ — Then We shall ease him Grammar: فَ marks result, سَ future; نُيَسِّرُ is Form II first-person-plural imperfect and هُۥ its object. Its subject is the hidden pronoun «نَحْنُ». لِلْعُسْرَىٰ — towards hardship Grammar: لِ is a preposition; the defined feminine noun is genitive in position. This phrase is linked to «نُيَسِّرُهُۥ».
4. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 11
وَمَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُ مَالُهُۥٓ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰٓ Sentence structure وَمَا coordinates and negates يُغْنِى. مَالُهُۥٓ is its subject; عَنْهُ is linked to the verb. إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰٓ is a time clause. Ayah summary When he falls into ruin, his wealth will be of no benefit to him. وَمَا — And not Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a non-governing negative particle. يُغْنِى — will avail Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose explicit subject is مَالُهُۥٓ. عَنْهُ — him Grammar: عَنْ is a preposition and attached هُ a masculine-singular genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «يُغْنِى». مَالُهُۥٓ — his wealth Grammar: A masculine nominative subject of يُغْنِى; attached هُۥ is the possessor. إِذَا — when Grammar: A non-governing temporal adverb introducing the following time clause. تَرَدَّىٰٓ — he falls Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
5. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 12
إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ Sentence structure إِنَّ begins an emphatic nominal clause. عَلَيْنَا is a prepositional phrase in the predicate construction; لَلْهُدَىٰ contains emphatic lām and the accusative noun of إِنَّ. Ayah summary Surely it is for Us to make the straight way clear. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An emphatic particle that makes its noun accusative and predicate nominative. The clause introduced by «إِنَّ» has an omitted predicate. عَلَيْنَا — upon Us Grammar: عَلَىٰ is a preposition and attached نَا a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase belongs to the predicate construction. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. لَلْهُدَىٰ — is the guidance Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes ٱلْهُدَىٰ, the accusative noun of إِنَّ.
6. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 13
وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ وَٱلْأُولَىٰ Sentence structure وَإِنَّ coordinates an emphatic clause. لَنَا is the predicate phrase; لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ is the accusative noun with emphatic lām, and وَٱلْأُولَىٰ is coordinated with it. Ayah summary And both this world and the Hereafter are under Our authority. وَإِنَّ — And indeed Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِنَّ is an emphatic accusative-governing particle. لَنَا — for Us Grammar: لِ is a preposition and attached نَا a first-person-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the predicate. لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ — is the Hereafter Grammar: Emphatic لَ precedes the feminine accusative noun of إِنَّ, defined by ٱل. وَٱلْأُولَىٰ — and the first life Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined feminine accusative noun is coordinated with ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةَ.
7. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 14
فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ Sentence structure فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ is Form IV: attached تُ is subject and كُمْ first object. نَارًا is the second object; تَلَظَّىٰ is its adjectival clause. Ayah summary So We have warned you of a blazing fire. فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ — So I warned you Grammar: فَ resumes; أَنذَرْ is Form IV, attached تُ subject and كُمْ first object. نَارًۭا — of a Fire Grammar: An indefinite feminine accusative second object of أَنذَرْتُكُمْ. تَلَظَّىٰ — blazing Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular imperfect with understood subject هِيَ; its clause describes نَارًا.
Practice questions
Question 1
وَأَمَّا مَنۢ بَخِلَ وَٱسْتَغْنَىٰ ٨ What form is ٱسْتَغْنَىٰ?
- Form V
- Form VIII
- Form II
- Form X
Question 2
وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ٩ What form is كَذَّبَ?
- Form II
- Form IV
- Form V
- Form VIII
Question 3
فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ ١٠ What does سَ mark in فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ?
- Negation
- Future time
- Question
- Oath
Question 4
وَمَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُ مَالُهُۥٓ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰٓ ١١ What is مَالُهُۥٓ with يُغْنِى?
- Object
- Predicate
- Nominative subject
- Genitive adjective
Question 5
إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ ١٢ What is attached نَا in عَلَيْنَا?
- Subject
- Object
- Predicate
- Genitive pronoun
Question 6
وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْـَٔاخِرَةَ وَٱلْأُولَىٰ ١٣ What is ٱلْأُولَىٰ coordinated with?
- ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةَ
- لَنَا
- إِنَّ
- لَ
Question 7
فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ ١٤ What is attached تُ in فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ?
- Object
- Subject
- Possessor
- Predicate
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