Surah Al-Layl — Part 3

Ayahs 15–21 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Layl — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 15

لَا يَصْلَىٰهَآ إِلَّا ٱلْأَشْقَى Sentence structure لَا negates يَصْلَىٰهَآ, whose attached هَا is object. إِلَّا restricts the subject to ٱلْأَشْقَى. Ayah summary Only the most wretched will enter it. لَا — Not Grammar: A non-governing negative particle before the indicative imperfect. يَصْلَىٰهَآ — will burn in it Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect; attached هَا is the feminine-singular object. إِلَّا — except Grammar: A particle of restriction/exclusion in the negative construction. ٱلْأَشْقَى — the most wretched Grammar: A defined masculine elative noun functioning as the nominative subject of يَصْلَىٰ.

2. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 16

ٱلَّذِى كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِى describes ٱلْأَشْقَى. كَذَّبَ and coordinated وَتَوَلَّىٰ form its relative clause with understood subject. Ayah summary He is the one who rejected the truth and turned away. ٱلَّذِى — The one who Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun describing ٱلْأَشْقَى; its relative clause follows. كَذَّبَ — denied Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause with understood subject هُوَ. وَتَوَلَّىٰ — and turned away Grammar: وَ coordinates; تَوَلَّىٰ is a Form V perfect with understood subject هُوَ.

3. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 17

وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا ٱلْأَتْقَى Sentence structure وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا contains coordination, future سَ, and a Form II passive imperfect; هَا is object. ٱلْأَتْقَى is the passive subject. Ayah summary The most God-fearing person will be kept away from that fire. وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا — And he will be kept away from it Grammar: وَ coordinates, سَ marks future; يُجَنَّبُ is Form II passive imperfect and هَا its object. ٱلْأَتْقَى — the most mindful Grammar: A defined masculine elative noun functioning as the nominative passive subject.

4. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 18

ٱلَّذِى يُؤْتِى مَالَهُۥ يَتَزَكَّىٰ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِى describes ٱلْأَتْقَى. يُؤْتِى has understood subject and مَالَهُۥ as object; يَتَزَكَّىٰ is a circumstantial clause. Ayah summary He gives his wealth in order to purify his soul. ٱلَّذِى — The one who Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun describing ٱلْأَتْقَى; its relative clause follows. يُؤْتِى — gives Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ. مَالَهُۥ — his wealth Grammar: A masculine accusative object of يُؤْتِى; attached هُۥ is the possessor. يَتَزَكَّىٰ — seeking purification Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject; its clause is circumstantial.

5. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 19

وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِندَهُۥ مِن نِّعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰٓ Sentence structure وَمَا begins a negative nominal construction. لِأَحَدٍ and عِندَهُۥ are prepositional/adverbial phrases; مِن نِّعْمَةٍ occurs under negation, and passive تُجْزَىٰٓ describes نِّعْمَةٍ. Ayah summary No one has done him a favour for which he is repaying them. وَمَا — And not Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a non-governing negative particle. لِأَحَدٍ — for anyone Grammar: لِ is a preposition and أَحَدٍ an indefinite masculine genitive noun. This phrase is linked through an omitted element. عِندَهُۥ — with him Grammar: A locative adverb annexed to attached masculine-singular possessor هُۥ. This phrase is linked to «نِعْمَةٍ». مِن — any Grammar: A preposition occurring after negation before the indefinite noun نِّعْمَةٍ. An omitted predicate is associated with «نِعْمَةٍ». نِّعْمَةٍۢ — favor Grammar: An indefinite feminine genitive noun after مِن, described by the following clause. تُجْزَىٰٓ — to be repaid Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive imperfect with understood passive subject هِيَ; its clause describes نِّعْمَةٍ.

6. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 20

إِلَّا ٱبْتِغَآءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ Sentence structure إِلَّا introduces the exclusion. ٱبْتِغَآءَ is an accusative Form VIII verbal noun; وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ is a nested genitive annexation and ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ describes رَبِّهِ. Ayah summary He seeks only the pleasure of his Lord, the Most High. إِلَّا — Except Grammar: A particle introducing an exclusion from the preceding negative construction. ٱبْتِغَآءَ — seeking Grammar: A Form VIII verbal noun in the accusative, functioning in the exclusion construction. وَجْهِ — the pleasure Grammar: A masculine genitive complement of ٱبْتِغَآءَ, annexed to رَبِّ. رَبِّهِ — of his Lord Grammar: A masculine genitive complement of وَجْهِ; attached هِ is its possessor. ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ — the Most High Grammar: A defined masculine genitive elative adjective describing رَبِّهِ.

7. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 21

وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ Sentence structure وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes, and سَوْفَ marks the future. يَرْضَىٰ is an imperfect with understood subject هُوَ. Ayah summary And soon he will be well pleased. وَلَسَوْفَ — And surely soon Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes, and سَوْفَ marks future time. يَرْضَىٰ — he will be pleased Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.

Practice questions

Question 1

لَا يَصْلَىٰهَآ إِلَّا ٱلْأَشْقَى ۝١٥ What is ٱلْأَشْقَى with يَصْلَىٰ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Nominative subject
  • Genitive complement

Question 2

ٱلَّذِى كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ ۝١٦ What form is تَوَلَّىٰ?

  • Form II
  • Form IV
  • Form VIII
  • Form V

Question 3

وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا ٱلْأَتْقَى ۝١٧ What is ٱلْأَتْقَى after the passive verb?

  • Passive subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive adjective

Question 4

ٱلَّذِى يُؤْتِى مَالَهُۥ يَتَزَكَّىٰ ۝١٨ What is يَتَزَكَّىٰ here?

  • Relative adjective
  • Circumstantial clause
  • Object clause
  • Oath clause

Question 5

وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِندَهُۥ مِن نِّعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰٓ ۝١٩ What voice is تُجْزَىٰٓ?

  • Active perfect
  • Imperative
  • Passive imperfect
  • Active participle

Question 6

إِلَّا ٱبْتِغَآءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ ۝٢٠ What is ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ with رَبِّهِ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive adjective

Question 7

وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ ۝٢١ What does سَوْفَ mark?

  • Future time
  • Negation
  • Question
  • Jussive mood

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