Ayahs 15–21 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Layl — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 15
لَا يَصْلَىٰهَآ إِلَّا ٱلْأَشْقَى
Sentence structure
لَا negates يَصْلَىٰهَآ, whose attached هَا is object. إِلَّا restricts the subject to ٱلْأَشْقَى.
Ayah summary
Only the most wretched will enter it.
لَا — Not
Grammar: A non-governing negative particle before the indicative imperfect.
يَصْلَىٰهَآ — will burn in it
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect; attached هَا is the feminine-singular object.
إِلَّا — except
Grammar: A particle of restriction/exclusion in the negative construction.
ٱلْأَشْقَى — the most wretched
Grammar: A defined masculine elative noun functioning as the nominative subject of يَصْلَىٰ.
2. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 16
ٱلَّذِى كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِى describes ٱلْأَشْقَى. كَذَّبَ and coordinated وَتَوَلَّىٰ form its relative clause with understood subject.
Ayah summary
He is the one who rejected the truth and turned away.
ٱلَّذِى — The one who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun describing ٱلْأَشْقَى; its relative clause follows.
كَذَّبَ — denied
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause with understood subject هُوَ.
وَتَوَلَّىٰ — and turned away
Grammar: وَ coordinates; تَوَلَّىٰ is a Form V perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
3. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 17
وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا ٱلْأَتْقَى
Sentence structure
وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا contains coordination, future سَ, and a Form II passive imperfect; هَا is object. ٱلْأَتْقَى is the passive subject.
Ayah summary
The most God-fearing person will be kept away from that fire.
وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا — And he will be kept away from it
Grammar: وَ coordinates, سَ marks future; يُجَنَّبُ is Form II passive imperfect and هَا its object.
ٱلْأَتْقَى — the most mindful
Grammar: A defined masculine elative noun functioning as the nominative passive subject.
4. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 18
ٱلَّذِى يُؤْتِى مَالَهُۥ يَتَزَكَّىٰ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِى describes ٱلْأَتْقَى. يُؤْتِى has understood subject and مَالَهُۥ as object; يَتَزَكَّىٰ is a circumstantial clause.
Ayah summary
He gives his wealth in order to purify his soul.
ٱلَّذِى — The one who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun describing ٱلْأَتْقَى; its relative clause follows.
يُؤْتِى — gives
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.
مَالَهُۥ — his wealth
Grammar: A masculine accusative object of يُؤْتِى; attached هُۥ is the possessor.
يَتَزَكَّىٰ — seeking purification
Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject; its clause is circumstantial.
5. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 19
وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِندَهُۥ مِن نِّعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰٓ
Sentence structure
وَمَا begins a negative nominal construction. لِأَحَدٍ and عِندَهُۥ are prepositional/adverbial phrases; مِن نِّعْمَةٍ occurs under negation, and passive تُجْزَىٰٓ describes نِّعْمَةٍ.
Ayah summary
No one has done him a favour for which he is repaying them.
وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a non-governing negative particle.
لِأَحَدٍ — for anyone
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and أَحَدٍ an indefinite masculine genitive noun. This phrase is linked through an omitted element.
عِندَهُۥ — with him
Grammar: A locative adverb annexed to attached masculine-singular possessor هُۥ. This phrase is linked to «نِعْمَةٍ».
مِن — any
Grammar: A preposition occurring after negation before the indefinite noun نِّعْمَةٍ. An omitted predicate is associated with «نِعْمَةٍ».
نِّعْمَةٍۢ — favor
Grammar: An indefinite feminine genitive noun after مِن, described by the following clause.
تُجْزَىٰٓ — to be repaid
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive imperfect with understood passive subject هِيَ; its clause describes نِّعْمَةٍ.
6. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 20
إِلَّا ٱبْتِغَآءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ
Sentence structure
إِلَّا introduces the exclusion. ٱبْتِغَآءَ is an accusative Form VIII verbal noun; وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ is a nested genitive annexation and ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ describes رَبِّهِ.
Ayah summary
He seeks only the pleasure of his Lord, the Most High.
إِلَّا — Except
Grammar: A particle introducing an exclusion from the preceding negative construction.
ٱبْتِغَآءَ — seeking
Grammar: A Form VIII verbal noun in the accusative, functioning in the exclusion construction.
وَجْهِ — the pleasure
Grammar: A masculine genitive complement of ٱبْتِغَآءَ, annexed to رَبِّ.
رَبِّهِ — of his Lord
Grammar: A masculine genitive complement of وَجْهِ; attached هِ is its possessor.
ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ — the Most High
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive elative adjective describing رَبِّهِ.
7. Surah Al-Layl · Ayah 21
وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes, and سَوْفَ marks the future. يَرْضَىٰ is an imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.
Ayah summary
And soon he will be well pleased.
وَلَسَوْفَ — And surely soon
Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ emphasizes, and سَوْفَ marks future time.
يَرْضَىٰ — he will be pleased
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.