Ayahs 1–8 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 1
وَيْلٌۭ لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ
Sentence structure
وَيْلٌ is a nominative topic whose predicate is omitted; لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ is linked to that omitted predicate.
Ayah summary
A severe warning is given to those who cheat in measure and weight.
وَيْلٌۭ — Woe
Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun functioning as the topic; its predicate is omitted.
لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ — to those who give less
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and ال the definite article. مُطَفِّفِينَ is a Form II masculine-plural active participle, genitive with yā; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate.
2. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 2
ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ٱكْتَالُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِينَ describes the people named before. إِذَا introduces a non-jussive condition: ٱكْتَالُوا۟ is its condition and يَسْتَوْفُونَ its response; عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ is linked to the response.
Ayah summary
They take their own due in full when receiving from others.
ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun in the genitive position as an adjective of ٱلْمُطَفِّفِينَ.
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A future, non-jussive temporal adverb carrying conditional meaning.
ٱكْتَالُوا۟ — they take a measure
Grammar: A Form VIII third-person masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic; the clause is the condition of إِذَا.
عَلَى — from
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement.
ٱلنَّاسِ — the people
Grammar: A definite genitive noun governed by عَلَى; the phrase is linked to يَسْتَوْفُونَ in one grammatical reading.
يَسْتَوْفُونَ — they take in full
Grammar: A Form X masculine-plural imperfect and the non-jussive conditional response. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
3. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 3
وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَو وَّزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ
Sentence structure
وَإِذَا coordinates another non-jussive condition. كَالُوهُمْ and وَّزَنُوهُمْ are alternative coordinated condition verbs, while يُخْسِرُونَ is the response.
Ayah summary
But when measuring or weighing for others, they give less, making their conduct even more blameworthy.
وَإِذَا — But when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive conditional time adverb.
كَالُوهُمْ — they give by measure (to) them
Grammar: A masculine-plural perfect condition verb. Attached و is the subject and هُمْ the object.
أَو — or
Grammar: a conjunction.
وَّزَنُوهُمْ — they weigh (for) them
Grammar: A coordinated masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the subject and هُمْ the object.
يُخْسِرُونَ — they give less
Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural imperfect serving as the non-jussive conditional response. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
4. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 4
أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ
Sentence structure
Interrogative أَ with negative لَا introduces the question. أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ is the subject of يَظُنُّ, and أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ supplies what is presumed.
Ayah summary
Do they not realize that they will be raised again?
أَلَا — Do not
Grammar: أَ is interrogative and لَا is negative.
يَظُنُّ — think
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect. أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ is its explicit nominative subject; the following أَنَّ clause supplies the content of the thought.
أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ — those
Grammar: A plural demonstrative functioning as the nominative subject of يَظُنُّ.
أَنَّهُم — that they
Grammar: أَنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle; attached هُمْ is its accusative noun.
مَّبْعُوثُونَ — (will be) resurrected
Grammar: A masculine-plural passive participle functioning as the nominative predicate of أَنَّ, marked by wāw; final nūn is the nominal plural ending.
5. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 5
لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍۢ
Sentence structure
لِيَوْمٍ is linked to مَّبْعُوثُونَ in the preceding ayah, and عَظِيمٍ is its genitive adjective.
Ayah summary
They will have to give account before Allah on a tremendous day.
لِيَوْمٍ — For a Day
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and يَوْمٍ its genitive noun; the phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to مَّبْعُوثُونَ.
عَظِيمٍۢ — Great
Grammar: An indefinite genitive adjective describing يَوْمٍ.
6. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 6
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلنَّاسُ لِرَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
Sentence structure
يَوْمَ is an accusative time noun linked to the preceding resurrection statement and annexed to its following clause. ٱلنَّاسُ is the subject of يَقُومُ, and لِرَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
On that day, all people will stand awaiting the judgment of the Lord of all worlds.
يَوْمَ — (The) Day
Grammar: An accusative time noun linked to the preceding resurrection statement and annexed to the following clause.
يَقُومُ — will stand
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect. ٱلنَّاسُ is its explicit nominative subject; the complete clause يَقُومُ ٱلنَّاسُ is in the genitive position as the complement of يَوْمَ.
ٱلنَّاسُ — mankind
Grammar: A definite nominative plural noun functioning as the subject of يَقُومُ.
لِرَبِّ — before (the) Lord
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and رَبِّ its genitive noun, annexed to ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ; the phrase is linked to يَقُومُ.
ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ — (of) the worlds
Grammar: A definite masculine-plural genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of رَبِّ, marked by yā.
7. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 7
كَلَّآ إِنَّ كِتَـٰبَ ٱلْفُجَّارِ لَفِى سِجِّينٍۢ
Sentence structure
After deterrent كَلَّآ, إِنَّ makes كِتَـٰبَ accusative; ٱلْفُجَّارِ is its genitive complement. The emphatic phrase لَفِى سِجِّينٍ is the predicate.
Ayah summary
The Day of Account will certainly come, and the record of the wicked is preserved in Sijjin.
كَلَّآ — Nay
Grammar: a deterrent particle.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle. كِتَـٰبَ is its accusative noun and لَفِى سِجِّينٍ its emphatic predicate.
كِتَـٰبَ — (the) record
Grammar: An accusative noun functioning as the noun of إِنَّ and annexed to ٱلْفُجَّارِ.
ٱلْفُجَّارِ — (of) the wicked
Grammar: A definite genitive plural noun functioning as the genitive complement of كِتَـٰبَ.
لَفِى — (is) surely in
Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām and فِى a preposition; the phrase forms the predicate of إِنَّ.
سِجِّينٍۢ — Sijjin
Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.
8. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 8
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا سِجِّينٌۭ
Sentence structure
The first interrogative مَآ is the topic and أَدْرَىٰكَ its predicate. The inner nominal question مَا سِجِّينٌ supplies what is made known.
Ayah summary
A person cannot know by themselves what Sijjin is.
وَمَآ — And what
Grammar: وَ resumes/coordinates; interrogative مَآ functions as the topic.
أَدْرَىٰكَ — can make you know
Grammar: A Form IV perfect with an understood subject; attached كَ is the first object and the following question supplies the second.
مَا — what
Grammar: An interrogative pronoun functioning as the topic of the inner nominal question.
سِجِّينٌۭ — (is) Sijjin
Grammar: A nominative noun functioning as the predicate of the inner interrogative مَا.