Ayahs 9–15 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 9
كِتَـٰبٌۭ مَّرْقُومٌۭ
Sentence structure
كِتَـٰبٌ is the nominative predicate of an omitted topic, and مَّرْقُومٌ is its nominative adjective.
Ayah summary
Sijjin is a written register containing the names and deeds of those destined for Hell.
كِتَـٰبٌۭ — A book
Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun functioning as the predicate of an omitted topic.
مَّرْقُومٌۭ — written
Grammar: An indefinite nominative passive-participle adjective describing كِتَـٰبٌ.
2. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 10
وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Sentence structure
وَيْلٌ is a nominative topic with an omitted predicate. يَوْمَئِذٍ is its time expression, and لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ is linked to the omitted predicate.
Ayah summary
On that day, there will be severe ruin for those who deny the truth.
وَيْلٌۭ — Woe
Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun functioning as a topic with an omitted predicate.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day
Grammar: An accusative time expression locating the statement on that day; learner wording does not over-specify its governor.
لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ — to the deniers
Grammar: لِ is a preposition, ال the definite article, and مُكَذِّبِينَ a Form II masculine-plural active participle genitive with yā; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate.
3. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 11
ٱلَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِينَ describes ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ. يُكَذِّبُونَ is its relative clause, and بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ is linked to that verb.
Ayah summary
They are the ones who deny the Day of Recompense.
ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun in the genitive position as an adjective of ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ.
يُكَذِّبُونَ — deny
Grammar: A Form II masculine-plural imperfect beginning the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
بِيَوْمِ — (the) Day
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and يَوْمِ its genitive noun, annexed to ٱلدِّينِ; the phrase is linked to يُكَذِّبُونَ.
ٱلدِّينِ — (of) the Judgment
Grammar: It is the definite article. genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.
4. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 12
وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِۦٓ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ
Sentence structure
مَا negates يُكَذِّبُ, while إِلَّا restricts its subject to كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ. بِهِۦٓ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
Only a sinful transgressor persists in denying the Day of Recompense.
وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ is resumptive and مَا a non-governing negative particle.
يُكَذِّبُ — can deny
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular imperfect negated by مَا; كُلُّ is its explicit nominative subject.
بِهِۦٓ — [of] it
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِۦٓ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to يُكَذِّبُ.
إِلَّا — except
Grammar: A restriction particle confining the negated verb's subject to what follows.
كُلُّ — every
Grammar: A nominative noun functioning as the subject of يُكَذِّبُ and annexed to مُعْتَدٍ.
مُعْتَدٍ — transgressor
Grammar: An indefinite Form VIII active participle, genitive as the complement of كُلُّ.
أَثِيمٍ — sinful
Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.
5. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 13
إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ
Sentence structure
إِذَا introduces a non-jussive condition. Passive تُتْلَىٰ has ءَايَـٰتُنَا as deputy subject; قَالَ is the response, and the quoted phrase has an omitted topic before أَسَـٰطِيرُ.
Ayah summary
When Allah’s verses are recited to him, he calls them tales of earlier people.
إِذَا — When
Grammar: A future, non-jussive temporal adverb carrying conditional meaning.
تُتْلَىٰ — are recited
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive imperfect; ءَايَـٰتُنَا is its deputy subject.
عَلَيْهِ — to him
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. a pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.
ءَايَـٰتُنَا — Our Verses
Grammar: A nominative feminine-plural noun functioning as deputy subject; attached نَا is its genitive possessor.
قَالَ — he says
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood هُوَ as subject; it is the non-jussive conditional response.
أَسَـٰطِيرُ — Stories
Grammar: A nominative plural noun functioning as the predicate of an omitted topic in the quoted statement.
ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ — (of) the former (people)
Grammar: It is the definite article. genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.
6. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 14
كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ
Sentence structure
كَلَّا deters and بَلْ shifts the statement. Relative مَا is the subject of رَانَ; كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ is its relative clause, with the returning object omitted after يَكْسِبُونَ.
Ayah summary
Persistent sins have rusted their hearts, so they no longer recognize the truth.
كَلَّا ۖ — Nay
Grammar: A deterrent/refutational particle.
بَلْ ۜ — But
Grammar: A transition/contrast particle resuming the corrected statement.
رَانَ — (the) stain has covered
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect. Relative مَا is its explicit nominative subject, and عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم is linked to it.
عَلَىٰ — [over]
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement.
قُلُوبِهِم — their hearts
Grammar: A genitive plural noun governed by عَلَىٰ; attached هِم is its genitive possessor.
مَّا — (for) what
Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the nominative subject of رَانَ.
كَانُوا۟ — they used to
Grammar: A deficient masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the noun of كَانَ and the final alif is orthographic.
يَكْسِبُونَ — earn
Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect forming the predicate of كَانُوا۟. Attached و is its subject, final ن marks the indicative, and the returning object of relative مَا is omitted.
7. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 15
كَلَّآ إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ
Sentence structure
After deterrent كَلَّآ, attached هُمْ is the noun of إِنَّ. لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ is its emphatic predicate; the two prepositional/time phrases are linked to that predicate.
Ayah summary
On that day, the deniers will be deprived of seeing their Lord.
كَلَّآ — Nay
Grammar: a deterrent particle.
إِنَّهُمْ — Indeed, they
Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative/emphatic; attached هُمْ is its accusative noun.
عَن — from
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement.
رَّبِّهِمْ — their Lord
Grammar: A genitive noun governed by عَن; attached هِمْ is its genitive possessor. The phrase is linked to مَحْجُوبُونَ.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day
Grammar: a time adverb functioning as the linked complement.
لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ — surely will be partitioned
Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām. مَحْجُوبُونَ is a masculine-plural passive participle and the nominative predicate of إِنَّ, marked by wāw; final nūn is nominal.