Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 2

Ayahs 9–15 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 9

كِتَـٰبٌۭ مَّرْقُومٌۭ Sentence structure كِتَـٰبٌ is the nominative predicate of an omitted topic, and مَّرْقُومٌ is its nominative adjective. Ayah summary Sijjin is a written register containing the names and deeds of those destined for Hell. كِتَـٰبٌۭ — A book Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun functioning as the predicate of an omitted topic. مَّرْقُومٌۭ — written Grammar: An indefinite nominative passive-participle adjective describing كِتَـٰبٌ.

2. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 10

وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ Sentence structure وَيْلٌ is a nominative topic with an omitted predicate. يَوْمَئِذٍ is its time expression, and لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ is linked to the omitted predicate. Ayah summary On that day, there will be severe ruin for those who deny the truth. وَيْلٌۭ — Woe Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun functioning as a topic with an omitted predicate. يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day Grammar: An accusative time expression locating the statement on that day; learner wording does not over-specify its governor. لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ — to the deniers Grammar: لِ is a preposition, ال the definite article, and مُكَذِّبِينَ a Form II masculine-plural active participle genitive with yā; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate.

3. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 11

ٱلَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِينَ describes ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ. يُكَذِّبُونَ is its relative clause, and بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ is linked to that verb. Ayah summary They are the ones who deny the Day of Recompense. ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun in the genitive position as an adjective of ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ. يُكَذِّبُونَ — deny Grammar: A Form II masculine-plural imperfect beginning the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative. بِيَوْمِ — (the) Day Grammar: بِ is a preposition and يَوْمِ its genitive noun, annexed to ٱلدِّينِ; the phrase is linked to يُكَذِّبُونَ. ٱلدِّينِ — (of) the Judgment Grammar: It is the definite article. genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.

4. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 12

وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِۦٓ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ Sentence structure مَا negates يُكَذِّبُ, while إِلَّا restricts its subject to كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ. بِهِۦٓ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary Only a sinful transgressor persists in denying the Day of Recompense. وَمَا — And not Grammar: وَ is resumptive and مَا a non-governing negative particle. يُكَذِّبُ — can deny Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular imperfect negated by مَا; كُلُّ is its explicit nominative subject. بِهِۦٓ — [of] it Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِۦٓ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to يُكَذِّبُ. إِلَّا — except Grammar: A restriction particle confining the negated verb's subject to what follows. كُلُّ — every Grammar: A nominative noun functioning as the subject of يُكَذِّبُ and annexed to مُعْتَدٍ. مُعْتَدٍ — transgressor Grammar: An indefinite Form VIII active participle, genitive as the complement of كُلُّ. أَثِيمٍ — sinful Grammar: genitive adjective functioning as the adjective.

5. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 13

إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ Sentence structure إِذَا introduces a non-jussive condition. Passive تُتْلَىٰ has ءَايَـٰتُنَا as deputy subject; قَالَ is the response, and the quoted phrase has an omitted topic before أَسَـٰطِيرُ. Ayah summary When Allah’s verses are recited to him, he calls them tales of earlier people. إِذَا — When Grammar: A future, non-jussive temporal adverb carrying conditional meaning. تُتْلَىٰ — are recited Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive imperfect; ءَايَـٰتُنَا is its deputy subject. عَلَيْهِ — to him Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. a pronoun functioning as the genitive complement. ءَايَـٰتُنَا — Our Verses Grammar: A nominative feminine-plural noun functioning as deputy subject; attached نَا is its genitive possessor. قَالَ — he says Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood هُوَ as subject; it is the non-jussive conditional response. أَسَـٰطِيرُ — Stories Grammar: A nominative plural noun functioning as the predicate of an omitted topic in the quoted statement. ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ — (of) the former (people) Grammar: It is the definite article. genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.

6. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 14

كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ Sentence structure كَلَّا deters and بَلْ shifts the statement. Relative مَا is the subject of رَانَ; كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ is its relative clause, with the returning object omitted after يَكْسِبُونَ. Ayah summary Persistent sins have rusted their hearts, so they no longer recognize the truth. كَلَّا ۖ — Nay Grammar: A deterrent/refutational particle. بَلْ ۜ — But Grammar: A transition/contrast particle resuming the corrected statement. رَانَ — (the) stain has covered Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect. Relative مَا is its explicit nominative subject, and عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم is linked to it. عَلَىٰ — [over] Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. قُلُوبِهِم — their hearts Grammar: A genitive plural noun governed by عَلَىٰ; attached هِم is its genitive possessor. مَّا — (for) what Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the nominative subject of رَانَ. كَانُوا۟ — they used to Grammar: A deficient masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the noun of كَانَ and the final alif is orthographic. يَكْسِبُونَ — earn Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect forming the predicate of كَانُوا۟. Attached و is its subject, final ن marks the indicative, and the returning object of relative مَا is omitted.

7. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 15

كَلَّآ إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ Sentence structure After deterrent كَلَّآ, attached هُمْ is the noun of إِنَّ. لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ is its emphatic predicate; the two prepositional/time phrases are linked to that predicate. Ayah summary On that day, the deniers will be deprived of seeing their Lord. كَلَّآ — Nay Grammar: a deterrent particle. إِنَّهُمْ — Indeed, they Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative/emphatic; attached هُمْ is its accusative noun. عَن — from Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. رَّبِّهِمْ — their Lord Grammar: A genitive noun governed by عَن; attached هِمْ is its genitive possessor. The phrase is linked to مَحْجُوبُونَ. يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day Grammar: a time adverb functioning as the linked complement. لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ — surely will be partitioned Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām. مَحْجُوبُونَ is a masculine-plural passive participle and the nominative predicate of إِنَّ, marked by wāw; final nūn is nominal.

Practice questions

Question 1

كِتَـٰبٌۭ مَّرْقُومٌۭ ۝٩ What is مَرْقُومٌ in relation to كِتَـٰبٌ?

  • Object
  • Nominative adjective
  • Genitive complement
  • Circumstance

Question 2

وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ ۝١٠ What does لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ form with the omitted predicate?

  • A prepositional phrase linked to it
  • A subject
  • An object
  • A verbal noun

Question 3

ٱلَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ ۝١١ What is ٱلَّذِينَ after ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Adjective
  • Adverb

Question 4

وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِۦٓ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ ۝١٢ What is the grammatical role of كُلُّ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement
  • Subject

Question 5

إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ۝١٣ What is ءَايَـٰتُنَا with passive تُتْلَىٰ?

  • Deputy subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Circumstance

Question 6

كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ ۝١٤ What is مَا in مَا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ?

  • Negative particle
  • Relative pronoun and subject of rāna
  • Interrogative
  • Preposition

Question 7

كَلَّآ إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ ۝١٥ What is مَحْجُوبُونَ after إِنَّهُمْ?

  • Noun of inna
  • Object
  • Predicate of inna
  • Adverb

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