Surah An-Naba — Part 4

Ayahs 25–32 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Naba — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 25

إِلَّا حَمِيمًا وَغَسَّاقًا Sentence structure This exception completes the preceding negation: they will taste nothing except scalding water and foul discharge. حَمِيمًا is the accusative exception after إِلَّا, and غَسَّاقًا is coordinated with it. إِلَّا — except Grammar: A particle of exception أداة استثناء restricting what may be tasted after the preceding negation. حَمِيمًۭا — scalding water Grammar: An indefinite accusative masculine noun, the excepted element مستثنى after إِلَّا. وَغَسَّاقًۭا — and foul discharge Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. غَسَّاقًا is an indefinite accusative masculine noun coordinated with حَمِيمًا.

2. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 26

جَزَآءً وِفَاقًا Sentence structure An understood verb such as “they are recompensed” is emphasized by جَزَآءً, a cognate accusative. وِفَاقًا describes that recompense as exactly corresponding to their deeds. جَزَآءًۭ — a recompense Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as a cognate accusative مفعول مطلق for an understood verb such as جُوزُوا. وِفَاقًا — exactly fitting Grammar: An indefinite accusative masculine verbal noun functioning as an adjective of جَزَآءً, meaning a recompense fully corresponding to the deeds.

3. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 27

إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا Sentence structure إِنَّ emphasizes the reason for the recompense. Its noun is هُمْ, and كَانُوا۟ لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا is its predicate clause. Within it, the negative verbal clause is the predicate of كَانُوا۟. إِنَّهُمْ — indeed they Grammar: إِنَّ is a particle of emphasis. The attached هُمْ is a third-person masculine plural pronoun in the accusative position as its noun. كَانُوا۟ — they were Grammar: A third-person masculine plural perfect deficient verb. Its final “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached pronoun in the nominative position as its noun; the following verbal clause is its predicate. The written “ا” after the wāw is alif al-fāriqah and is not pronounced. لَا — not Grammar: A particle of negation that leaves the following imperfect verb indicative. يَرْجُونَ — they expected Grammar: A third-person masculine plural imperfect verb and one of the five verbs. “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The final “نَ” is the indicative nūn; its retention marks the verb as indicative. حِسَابًۭا — an account Grammar: An indefinite accusative masculine verbal noun and the object of يَرْجُونَ.

4. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 28

وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا كِذَّابًا Sentence structure وَ adds another cause of punishment. كَذَّبُوا۟ is the verb, with its attached “و” (wāw al-jamāʿah) functioning as the subject; بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا is linked to it, and كِذَّابًا is a cognate accusative intensifying their denial. وَكَذَّبُوا۟ — and they denied Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. كَذَّبُوا۟ is a form II, third-person masculine plural perfect verb. Its final “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The written “ا” after it is alif al-fāriqah and is not pronounced. بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا — Our signs Grammar: بِـ is a preposition. ءَايَـٰتِ is a sound feminine plural made genitive by kasrah and is مضاف; نَا is a possessive pronoun in the genitive position. كِذَّابًۭا — an emphatic denial Grammar: An indefinite accusative intensive verbal noun functioning as مفعول مطلق for كَذَّبُوا۟.

5. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 29

وَكُلَّ شَىْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَـٰهُ كِتَـٰبًا Sentence structure كُلَّ شَىْءٍ is fronted for emphasis and governed by an understood verb explained by أَحْصَيْنَـٰهُ. This is the construction of preoccupation اشتغال. كِتَـٰبًا describes the manner of enumeration: recorded in writing. وَكُلَّ — and every Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. كُلَّ is an accusative object of an understood verb explained by أَحْصَيْنَـٰهُ, and it is مضاف. شَىْءٍ — thing Grammar: An indefinite genitive masculine noun and the مضاف إليه of كُلَّ. أَحْصَيْنَـٰهُ — We have enumerated it Grammar: أَحْصَيْنَا is a form IV first-person plural perfect verb; نَا is its subject and هُ is its object pronoun referring back to every thing. كِتَـٰبًۭا — in a written record Grammar: An indefinite accusative masculine verbal noun functioning circumstantially حال, with the sense “recorded in writing.”

6. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 30

فَذُوقُوا۟ فَلَن نَّزِيدَكُمْ إِلَّا عَذَابًا Sentence structure The first clause is a plural command. The second uses لَن for emphatic future negation, while إِلَّا creates restriction: nothing will be increased for them except punishment. فَذُوقُوا۟ — so taste Grammar: فَـ marks the consequence. ذُوقُوا۟ is a second-person masculine plural imperative, built on deletion of the indicative “نَ”. Its final “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The written “ا” after it is alif al-fāriqah and is not pronounced. فَلَن — then never Grammar: فَـ links the result. لَن negates the future and makes the following imperfect verb subjunctive. نَّزِيدَكُمْ — We will increase you Grammar: A first-person plural imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood with visible fatḥah; its subject is the understood نَحْنُ, and كُمْ is its first object. إِلَّا — except Grammar: A particle of exception used here with the negation to create restriction حصر. عَذَابًا — punishment Grammar: An indefinite accusative masculine noun and the second object of نَّزِيدَكُمْ.

7. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 31

إِنَّ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ مَفَازًا Sentence structure إِنَّ emphasizes the promise. لِلْمُتَّقِينَ is the fronted predicate, and مَفَازًا is the delayed noun of إِنَّ: for the God-conscious there is a place and means of success. إِنَّ — indeed Grammar: A particle of emphasis resembling a verb; its predicate is fronted and its noun follows. لِلْمُتَّقِينَ — for the God-conscious Grammar: لِـ is a preposition. ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ is a definite sound masculine plural made genitive with يَاء; the phrase is the fronted predicate of إِنَّ. مَفَازًا — success / a place of success Grammar: An indefinite accusative masculine noun and the delayed noun of إِنَّ. It is a verbal noun and may also carry the sense of a place of attainment.

8. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 32

حَدَآئِقَ وَأَعْنَـٰبًا Sentence structure This ayah explains the preceding مَفَازًا. حَدَآئِقَ is an accusative apposition specifying that success as gardens, and أَعْنَـٰبًا is coordinated with it. حَدَآئِقَ — gardens Grammar: An accusative broken plural functioning as an apposition بدل to مَفَازًا in the preceding ayah. It is diptote ممنوع من الصرف; its singular is حَدِيقَة. وَأَعْنَـٰبًۭا — and grapevines Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. أَعْنَـٰبًا is an indefinite accusative broken plural coordinated with حَدَآئِقَ; its singular is عِنَب.

Practice questions

Question 1

إِلَّا حَمِيمًا وَغَسَّاقًا ۝٢٥ جَزَآءً وِفَاقًا ۝٢٦ Which analysis correctly distinguishes حَمِيمًا from جَزَآءً?

  • Both are passive subjects
  • حَمِيمًا is excepted; جَزَآءً is a cognate accusative
  • Both are genitive nouns
  • حَمِيمًا is a subject; جَزَآءً is an object

Question 2

إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا ۝٢٧ What is the predicate of كَانُوا۟?

  • Only حِسَابًا
  • The clause لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا
  • The pronoun هُمْ
  • The particle إِنَّ

Question 3

وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا كِذَّابًا ۝٢٨ What role does كِذَّابًا perform?

  • Cognate accusative intensifying كَذَّبُوا۟
  • Object of the preposition بِـ
  • Subject of كَذَّبُوا۟
  • Adjective of ءَايَـٰت

Question 4

وَكُلَّ شَىْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَـٰهُ كِتَـٰبًا ۝٢٩ فَذُوقُوا۟ فَلَن نَّزِيدَكُمْ إِلَّا عَذَابًا ۝٣٠ Which statement is correct?

  • كُلَّ is nominative and نَّزِيدَكُمْ is jussive
  • كُلَّ is a fronted object, and نَّزِيدَكُمْ is subjunctive after لَن
  • Both words are genitive
  • Both words are imperatives

Question 5

إِنَّ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ مَفَازًا ۝٣١ حَدَآئِقَ وَأَعْنَـٰبًا ۝٣٢ How does حَدَآئِقَ relate to مَفَازًا?

  • It is a prepositional phrase
  • It is an accusative apposition explaining it
  • It is its subject
  • It is a genitive adjective

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