Ayahs 33–40 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Naba — Part 5 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 33
وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتْرَابًا
Sentence structure
This ayah continues the preceding list of the rewards of Paradise. كَوَاعِبَ is an accusative noun joined to the earlier items, and أَتْرَابًا is its agreeing adjective.
وَكَوَاعِبَ — and splendid companions
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. كَوَاعِبَ is an accusative feminine plural noun, coordinated with the preceding rewards.
أَتْرَابًۭا — well-matched in age
Grammar: An indefinite accusative feminine plural adjective describing كَوَاعِبَ.
2. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 34
وَكَأْسًا دِهَاقًا
Sentence structure
The list of rewards continues. كَأْسًا is another coordinated accusative noun, and دِهَاقًا is its accusative adjective, describing the cup as full.
وَكَأْسًۭا — and a cup
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. كَأْسًا is an indefinite masculine singular accusative noun, coordinated with كَوَاعِبَ.
دِهَاقًۭا — full
Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative adjective describing كَأْسًا.
3. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 35
لَّا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا كِذَّٰبًا
Sentence structure
لَّا negates يَسْمَعُونَ, whose attached “و” (wāw al-jamāʿah) functions as the subject. فِيهَا is linked to the verb; لَغْوًا is its object, and كِذَّٰبًا is coordinated with that object under a repeated negation.
لَّا — not
Grammar: A particle of negation that does not change the indicative form of the following verb.
يَسْمَعُونَ — they will hear
Grammar: A third-person masculine plural imperfect verb and one of the five verbs. “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The final “نَ” is the indicative nūn; its retention marks the verb as indicative.
فِيهَا — therein
Grammar: فِي is a preposition; هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun in the genitive position. The phrase is linked to يَسْمَعُونَ.
لَغْوًۭا — vain talk
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of يَسْمَعُونَ.
وَلَا — and no
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction and لَا repeats the negation for emphasis.
كِذَّٰبًۭا — falsehood
Grammar: An indefinite accusative form II verbal noun, coordinated with لَغْوًا.
4. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 36
جَزَآءً مِّن رَّبِّكَ عَطَآءً حِسَابًا
Sentence structure
جَزَآءً is an accusative verbal noun dependent on an understood verb: they are rewarded as a reward from your Lord. عَطَآءً restates that reward, and حِسَابًا describes the gift as ample and sufficient.
جَزَآءًۭ — as a reward
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative verbal noun functioning as a cognate object of an understood verb.
مِّن — from
Grammar: A preposition beginning the phrase that identifies the source of the reward.
رَّبِّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is genitive after مِّن. The attached كَ is a second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun in the genitive position.
عَطَآءً — a gift
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun in apposition to جَزَآءً.
حِسَابًۭا — ample and sufficient
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative adjective describing عَطَآءً; morphologically it is a form III verbal noun used adjectivally.
5. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 37
رَّبِّ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْهُ خِطَابًا
Sentence structure
The first phrase further identifies رَبِّكَ in the preceding ayah: He is Lord of the heavens, the earth, and whatever lies between them—the Most Merciful. A new clause then states that they possess no right to address Him.
رَّبِّ — Lord
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun in apposition to رَبِّكَ in ayah 36; it is also مضاف.
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ — of the heavens
Grammar: A definite feminine plural genitive noun and the مضاف إليه of رَّبِّ.
وَٱلْأَرْضِ — and the earth
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. ٱلْأَرْضِ is a definite feminine genitive noun coordinated with ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ.
وَمَا — and whatever
Grammar: وَ links another part of the possessive phrase. مَا is an invariable relative pronoun.
بَيْنَهُمَا — is between them both
Grammar: بَيْنَ is an accusative locative adverb and مضاف. The attached dual pronoun هُمَا is its مضاف إليه and refers to the heavens and earth.
ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ۖ — the Most Merciful
Grammar: A definite masculine singular genitive noun in apposition to رَبِّكَ.
لَا — not
Grammar: A particle negating the following imperfect verb.
يَمْلِكُونَ — they possess
Grammar: A third-person masculine plural imperfect verb and one of the five verbs. “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The final “نَ” is the indicative nūn; its retention marks the verb as indicative.
مِنْهُ — from Him
Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition and هُ a third-person masculine singular genitive pronoun. The phrase is linked to يَمْلِكُونَ.
خِطَابًۭا — any address
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of يَمْلِكُونَ.
6. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 38
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلرُّوحُ وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ صَفًّا ۖ لَّا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا
Sentence structure
يَوْمَ introduces the time when the Spirit and angels will stand in rows. None will speak except the one whom the Most Merciful permits and who speaks correctly.
يَوْمَ — the Day when
Grammar: An accusative adverb of time. The following verbal clause specifies that day.
يَقُومُ — will stand
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject follows.
ٱلرُّوحُ — the Spirit
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun and the subject of يَقُومُ.
وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ — and the angels
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ is a definite nominative plural noun coordinated with ٱلرُّوحُ.
صَفًّۭا ۖ — in rows
Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning circumstantially as حال and describing how they stand.
لَّا — not
Grammar: A particle negating the following imperfect verb.
يَتَكَلَّمُونَ — they will speak
Grammar: A form V, third-person masculine plural imperfect verb and one of the five verbs. “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The final “نَ” is the indicative nūn; its retention marks the verb as indicative.
إِلَّا — except
Grammar: A particle of exception introducing the permitted person.
مَنْ — the one whom
Grammar: An invariable relative pronoun forming the exception; its relative clause begins with أَذِنَ.
أَذِنَ — permitted
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb; its explicit subject is ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ.
لَهُ — for him
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and هُ a third-person masculine singular pronoun in the genitive position. The phrase is linked to أَذِنَ.
ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ — the Most Merciful
Grammar: A definite masculine singular nominative noun and the subject of أَذِنَ.
وَقَالَ — and he spoke
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. قَالَ is a third-person masculine singular perfect verb; its understood subject هُوَ refers to the permitted person.
صَوَابًۭا — what is correct
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of قَالَ.
7. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 39
ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْيَوْمُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۖ فَمَن شَآءَ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِۦ مَـَٔابًا
Sentence structure
The first nominal sentence declares that this is the true Day. The second is conditional: whoever wills may take a path of return to his Lord.
ذَٰلِكَ — that
Grammar: An invariable masculine singular demonstrative pronoun functioning as the subject of the nominal sentence.
ٱلْيَوْمُ — is the Day
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun and the predicate of ذَٰلِكَ.
ٱلْحَقُّ ۖ — the true
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun in apposition to ٱلْيَوْمُ.
فَمَن — so whoever
Grammar: فَ resumes the conclusion. مَن is an invariable conditional noun.
شَآءَ — wills
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb forming the condition; its subject is the understood هُوَ.
ٱتَّخَذَ — may take
Grammar: A form VIII, third-person masculine singular perfect verb forming the result of the condition; its subject is the understood هُوَ.
إِلَىٰ — towards
Grammar: A preposition linked to ٱتَّخَذَ.
رَبِّهِۦ — his Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is genitive after إِلَىٰ. The attached هِۦ is a third-person masculine singular possessive pronoun in the genitive position.
مَـَٔابًا — a return
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of ٱتَّخَذَ.
8. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 40
إِنَّآ أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنظُرُ ٱلْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ ٱلْكَافِرُ يَـٰلَيْتَنِى كُنتُ تُرَٰبًۢا
Sentence structure
The emphatic clause warns of a near punishment. On that Day each person sees what his two hands sent ahead, while the disbeliever voices the wish that he had been dust.
إِنَّآ — indeed We
Grammar: إِنَّ is a particle of emphasis and نصب. The attached first-person plural pronoun نَا is its subject.
أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ — We have warned you
Grammar: أَنذَرْ is a form IV perfect verb. نَا is its first-person plural subject and كُمْ its second-person masculine plural object. The verbal clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.
عَذَابًۭا — of a punishment
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ.
قَرِيبًۭا — near
Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative adjective describing عَذَابًا.
يَوْمَ — the Day when
Grammar: An accusative adverb of time linked to أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ. The following verbal clause specifies the Day.
يَنظُرُ — will see
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject follows.
ٱلْمَرْءُ — the person
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun and the subject of يَنظُرُ.
مَا — what
Grammar: An invariable relative pronoun functioning as the object of يَنظُرُ. Its relative clause is قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ.
قَدَّمَتْ — sent forth
Grammar: A form II, third-person feminine singular perfect verb. The feminine singular form precedes its explicit dual subject يَدَاهُ.
يَدَاهُ — his two hands
Grammar: يَدَا is a feminine dual nominative noun and the subject of قَدَّمَتْ. The attached هُ is a possessive pronoun in the genitive position.
وَيَقُولُ — and will say
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. يَقُولُ is a third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject follows.
ٱلْكَافِرُ — the disbeliever
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative active participle and the subject of يَقُولُ.
يَـٰلَيْتَنِى — O, I wish that I
Grammar: يَا introduces the cry. لَيْتَ is a particle expressing an unattainable wish, and نِي is its first-person singular subject pronoun.
كُنتُ — I were
Grammar: A first-person singular perfect ناقص verb from كَانَ. The attached تُ is its subject.
تُرَٰبًۢا — dust
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the predicate of كُنتُ.