Ayahs 1–6 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Nas — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah An-Nas · Ayah 1
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ ٱلنَّاسِ ١
Sentence structure
Imperative قُلْ has the hidden subject «أَنْتَ» and introduces أَعُوذُ, whose hidden subject is «أَنَا». بِرَبِّ is explicitly linked to أَعُوذُ, and ٱلنَّاسِ completes the annexation.
Ayah summary
Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind.
قُلْ — Say
A second-person masculine-singular imperative; its subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنْتَ».
أَعُوذُ — I seek refuge
A first-person singular imperfect; its subject is the hidden pronoun «أَنَا».
بِرَبِّ — in (the) Lord
Preposition بِ governs genitive رَبِّ, which is annexed; the phrase is explicitly linked to أَعُوذُ.
ٱلنَّاسِ — (of) mankind
A definite plural genitive noun serving as the second term after رَبِّ.
2. Surah An-Nas · Ayah 2
مَلِكِ ٱلنَّاسِ ٢
Sentence structure
مَلِكِ is a genitive apposition to رَبِّ in the preceding ayah, and ٱلنَّاسِ is its genitive second term.
Ayah summary
The King of mankind.
مَلِكِ — (the) King
A masculine genitive noun, annexed to the following noun. It is an apposition to رَبِّ in the preceding ayah.
ٱلنَّاسِ — (of) mankind
A definite plural genitive noun serving as the second term after مَلِكِ.
3. Surah An-Nas · Ayah 3
إِلَـٰهِ ٱلنَّاسِ ٣
Sentence structure
إِلَـٰهِ is a genitive apposition to رَبِّ in the first ayah, and ٱلنَّاسِ is its genitive second term.
Ayah summary
The God of mankind.
إِلَـٰهِ — (the) God
A masculine genitive noun, annexed to the following noun. It is an apposition to رَبِّ in the first ayah.
ٱلنَّاسِ — (of) mankind
A definite plural genitive noun serving as the second term after إِلَـٰهِ.
4. Surah An-Nas · Ayah 4
مِن شَرِّ ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ ٱلْخَنَّاسِ ٤
Sentence structure
مِن شَرِّ is linked to أَعُوذُ in the first ayah. ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ is the second term after شَرِّ, and ٱلْخَنَّاسِ is its genitive adjective.
Ayah summary
From the evil of the whisperer who withdraws.
مِن — From
A preposition governing the following noun; its phrase is linked to أَعُوذُ in the first ayah.
شَرِّ — (the) evil
A masculine genitive noun governed by مِن and annexed to the following noun.
ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ — (of) the whisperer
A definite masculine genitive noun serving as the second term after شَرِّ.
ٱلْخَنَّاسِ — the retreating
A definite masculine genitive adjective describing ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ.
5. Surah An-Nas · Ayah 5
ٱلَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ ٱلنَّاسِ ٥
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِى describes ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ in the preceding ayah. يُوَسْوِسُ forms its relative clause and has the hidden subject «هُوَ». فِى صُدُورِ is explicitly linked to يُوَسْوِسُ, and ٱلنَّاسِ completes the annexation.
Ayah summary
Who whispers into the hearts of mankind.
ٱلَّذِى — the one who
A masculine singular relative pronoun describing ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ in the preceding ayah.
يُوَسْوِسُ — he whispers
A third-person masculine-singular imperfect forming the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
فِى — in
A preposition governing the following noun; its phrase is explicitly linked to يُوَسْوِسُ.
صُدُورِ — (the) breasts
A plural genitive noun governed by فِى and annexed to the following noun.
ٱلنَّاسِ — (of) mankind
A definite plural genitive noun serving as the second term after صُدُورِ.
6. Surah An-Nas · Ayah 6
مِنَ ٱلْجِنَّةِ وَٱلنَّاسِ ٦
Sentence structure
مِنَ ٱلْجِنَّةِ is a prepositional phrase linked to يُوَسْوِسُ in the preceding ayah. وَٱلنَّاسِ is coordinated with ٱلْجِنَّةِ and is likewise genitive.
Ayah summary
Whether from among jinn or mankind.
مِنَ — From
A preposition governing the following noun; its phrase is linked to يُوَسْوِسُ in the preceding ayah.
ٱلْجِنَّةِ — the jinn
A definite plural genitive noun governed by مِنَ.
وَٱلنَّاسِ — and mankind
وَ coordinates, and ٱلنَّاسِ is a definite plural noun coordinated with ٱلْجِنَّةِ and therefore genitive.