Ayahs 11–19 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Nazi'at — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 11
أَءِذَا كُنَّا عِظَـٰمًا نَّخِرَةً Ayah summary They considered it far-fetched that decayed and hollow bones could be brought back to life. Sentence structure Their question continues: أَ marks incredulity and إِذَا introduces the future condition. In كُنَّا عِظَـٰمًا, attached نَا is the noun of كَانَ and عِظَـٰمًا its predicate; نَّخِرَةً describes the bones. أَءِذَا — what—when? Grammar: أَ is the interrogative hamzah and إِذَا an adverb introducing a future condition. كُنَّا — we have become Grammar: A first-person plural perfect deficient verb; attached نَا is its noun. The clause is governed by إِذَا. عِظَـٰمًۭا — bones Grammar: An indefinite accusative broken plural and the predicate of كُنَّا. نَّخِرَةًۭ — decayed Grammar: An indefinite feminine singular accusative adjective describing the non-human plural عِظَـٰمًا.
2. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 12
قَالُوا۟ تِلْكَ إِذًا كَرَّةٌ خَاسِرَةٌ Ayah summary Mockingly, they said that such a return would mean a great loss for them. Sentence structure قَالُوا۟ introduces their statement. تِلْكَ is the subject and كَرَّةٌ its predicate; إِذًا is a non-governing response particle meaning “then,” and خَاسِرَةٌ is an adjective of كَرَّةٌ. قَالُوا۟ — they said Grammar: A third-person masculine plural perfect verb; attached wāw is its subject. تِلْكَ — that Grammar: A feminine singular demonstrative pronoun, indeclinable in the nominative position as subject. إِذًۭا — then Grammar: A response particle meaning “then”; it has no syntactic governing effect here. كَرَّةٌ — a return Grammar: An indefinite feminine singular nominative noun and the predicate of تِلْكَ. خَاسِرَةٌۭ — ruinous Grammar: An indefinite feminine singular nominative active participle functioning as adjective of كَرَّةٌ.
3. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 13
فَإِنَّمَا هِىَ زَجْرَةٌ وَٰحِدَةٌ Ayah summary Bringing everyone back to life is not difficult for Allah; there will be only one commanding cry. Sentence structure فَ resumes the reply. In إِنَّمَا, مَا restrains إِنَّ from governing and creates restriction. Thus هِىَ is the subject, زَجْرَةٌ its predicate, and وَٰحِدَةٌ an adjective. فَإِنَّمَا — then it is only Grammar: فَ resumes the statement. إِنَّ joins preventive مَا, producing restriction and no longer assigning accusative case to a noun. هِىَ — it Grammar: A third-person feminine singular detached pronoun functioning as the nominative subject. زَجْرَةٌۭ — a single blast / rebuke Grammar: An indefinite feminine singular nominative noun and the predicate of هِىَ. وَٰحِدَةٌۭ — one Grammar: An indefinite feminine singular nominative adjective describing زَجْرَةٌ.
4. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 14
فَإِذَا هُم بِٱلسَّاهِرَةِ Ayah summary At that cry, everyone will immediately appear in the plain of resurrection. Sentence structure فَإِذَا marks a sudden result: behold, they are upon the open surface. هُم is the subject and بِٱلسَّاهِرَةِ is linked to an understood predicate expressing their immediate presence. فَإِذَا — and suddenly—behold Grammar: فَ links the result and إِذَا is the particle of suddenness. هُم — they Grammar: A third-person masculine plural detached pronoun functioning as the nominative subject. بِٱلسَّاهِرَةِ — upon the open plain Grammar: بِ is a preposition and ٱلسَّاهِرَةِ a definite feminine singular genitive noun. The phrase is linked to an understood predicate of هُم.
5. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 15
هَلْ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰٓ Ayah summary The account of Musa and Pharaoh now begins. Sentence structure The question draws attention to Musa's account. أَتَىٰ is the verb, attached كَ its object, and حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰٓ its delayed subject in an annexation. هَلْ — has? Grammar: An interrogative particle introducing a question intended to draw attention. أَتَىٰكَ — has reached you Grammar: أَتَىٰ is a third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached كَ is a second-person masculine singular object pronoun. حَدِيثُ — the account Grammar: A masculine singular nominative noun, delayed subject of أَتَىٰ, and مضاف. مُوسَىٰٓ — of Musa Grammar: A masculine proper noun in the genitive position as مضاف إليه; its case ending is estimated because the name ends in alif maqṣūrah.
6. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 16
إِذْ نَادَىٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ بِٱلْوَادِ ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ طُوًى Ayah summary Allah called Musa in the sacred valley of Tuwa. Sentence structure إِذْ specifies when the account occurred. نَادَىٰهُ is the verb with object pronoun, رَبُّهُۥ its subject, and بِٱلْوَادِ ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ طُوًى identifies the sacred valley of Tuwa. إِذْ — when Grammar: A time adverb linked to أَتَىٰكَ in the preceding ayah, introducing the event. نَادَىٰهُ — He called him Grammar: نَادَىٰ is a form III third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هُ is its object pronoun referring to Musa. رَبُّهُۥ — his Lord Grammar: رَبُّ is the nominative explicit subject and مضاف; attached هُۥ is a possessive pronoun in the genitive position. بِٱلْوَادِ — in the valley Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱلْوَادِ a definite masculine genitive noun, and the phrase is linked to نَادَىٰ. ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ — the sacred Grammar: A definite masculine singular genitive form II passive participle functioning as adjective of ٱلْوَادِ. طُوًى — Tuwa Grammar: A proper place-name in the genitive position as apposition to ٱلْوَادِ, with its case ending estimated on the final alif maqṣūrah.
7. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 17
ٱذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُۥ طَغَىٰ Ayah summary He was commanded to go to Pharaoh, who had become rebellious. Sentence structure ٱذْهَبْ is Allah's command to Musa, and إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ gives its destination. إِنَّهُۥ طَغَىٰ states the reason: Pharaoh has transgressed. ٱذْهَبْ — go Grammar: A second-person masculine singular imperative; its subject is the understood pronoun أَنْتَ. إِلَىٰ — to Grammar: A preposition linked to ٱذْهَبْ. فِرْعَوْنَ — Pharaoh Grammar: A masculine proper noun made genitive by إِلَىٰ; it is diptote, so fatḥah is its visible genitive marker. إِنَّهُۥ — indeed he Grammar: إِنَّ is a particle of emphasis and attached هُۥ is its pronoun-noun in the accusative position. طَغَىٰ — has transgressed Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb with understood subject هُوَ. Its verbal clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.
8. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 18
فَقُلْ هَل لَّكَ إِلَىٰٓ أَن تَزَكَّىٰ Ayah summary Musa invited Pharaoh to reform himself and seek purification. Sentence structure فَقُلْ is an imperative with an understood subject. هَلْ introduces the question, لَكَ is a prepositional phrase, and أَن تَزَكَّىٰ is an interpreted verbal noun governed by إِلَىٰ. فَقُلْ — then say Grammar: فَ coordinates the command. قُلْ is a second-person masculine singular imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ. هَل — would? Grammar: An interrogative particle introducing the question. لَّكَ — for you / are you willing Grammar: لِ is a preposition and كَ a second-person masculine singular pronoun in the genitive position; the phrase is linked to an understood expression of willingness. إِلَىٰٓ — toward Grammar: A preposition governing the following interpreted verbal-noun clause. أَن — that Grammar: A subordinating particle that makes the following imperfect verb subjunctive. تَزَكَّىٰ — you purify yourself Grammar: A form V second-person masculine singular imperfect verb, subjunctive after أَن, with understood subject أَنْتَ.
9. Surah An-Nazi'at · Ayah 19
وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشَىٰ Ayah summary He offered to guide him toward his Lord so that fear of Allah might arise in his heart. Sentence structure وَأَهْدِيَكَ is coordinated with تَزَكَّىٰ and shares its subjunctive mood. فَتَخْشَىٰ is coordinated with أَهْدِيَكَ and is likewise subjunctive; its understood subject is أَنْتَ. وَأَهْدِيَكَ — and that I guide you Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. أَهْدِيَ is a first-person singular imperfect verb, subjunctive by coordination with تَزَكَّىٰ; its subject is understood أَنَا, and attached كَ is its object. إِلَىٰ — to Grammar: A preposition linked to أَهْدِيَكَ. رَبِّكَ — your Lord Grammar: رَبِّ is a masculine genitive noun and مضاف; attached كَ is a possessive pronoun in the genitive position. فَتَخْشَىٰ — so that you fear Allah Grammar: فَ coordinates this verb with أَهْدِيَكَ. تَخْشَىٰ is a second-person masculine singular imperfect verb, subjunctive by coordination, with understood subject أَنْتَ.
Practice questions
Question 1
أَءِذَا كُنَّا عِظَـٰمًا نَّخِرَةً ١١ قَالُوا۟ تِلْكَ إِذًا كَرَّةٌ خَاسِرَةٌ ١٢ Which pair correctly identifies a deficient-verb predicate and a nominal predicate?
- نَّخِرَةً and خَاسِرَةٌ
- عِظَـٰمًا and كَرَّةٌ
- أَءِذَا and إِذًا
- كُنَّا and قَالُوا۟
Question 2
فَإِنَّمَا هِىَ زَجْرَةٌ وَٰحِدَةٌ ١٣ فَإِذَا هُم بِٱلسَّاهِرَةِ ١٤ Which analysis is correct?
- Both particles make verbs jussive
- هِىَ and هُم are objects
- وَٰحِدَةٌ is genitive
- مَا prevents إِنَّ from governing, and إِذَا marks suddenness
Question 3
هَلْ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰٓ ١٥ إِذْ نَادَىٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ بِٱلْوَادِ ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ طُوًى ١٦ Which words are the explicit subjects of أَتَىٰكَ and نَادَىٰهُ?
- حَدِيثُ and رَبُّهُۥ
- كَ and هُ
- مُوسَىٰٓ and طُوًى
- Both are understood pronouns
Question 4
ٱذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُۥ طَغَىٰ ١٧ Why does فِرْعَوْنَ show fatḥah after the preposition إِلَىٰ?
- It is an object in the accusative
- It is an imperative
- It is diptote, so fatḥah marks its genitive case
- The preposition has no effect
Question 5
فَقُلْ هَل لَّكَ إِلَىٰٓ أَن تَزَكَّىٰ ١٨ وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشَىٰ ١٩ Why is أَهْدِيَكَ subjunctive?
- It follows a negative particle
- It is an imperative
- It is governed by إِلَىٰ directly
- It is coordinated with subjunctive تَزَكَّىٰ
Question 6
أَءِذَا كُنَّا عِظَـٰمًا نَّخِرَةً ١١ What is the relation of نَّخِرَةً to عِظَـٰمًا?
- It is the subject of كُنَّا
- It is an accusative adjective agreeing with it
- It is a genitive annex
- It is an adverb of time
Question 7
فَإِنَّمَا هِىَ زَجْرَةٌ وَٰحِدَةٌ ١٣ Why is وَٰحِدَةٌ nominative feminine singular?
- It is the subject of an omitted verb
- It is governed by a preposition
- It is the adjective of nominative feminine زَجْرَةٌ
- It is a circumstantial accusative
Question 8
إِذْ نَادَىٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ بِٱلْوَادِ ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ طُوًى ١٦ Which description of ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ and طُوًى is correct?
- The first is an adjective of ٱلْوَادِ; the second names it in apposition
- Both are direct objects of نَادَىٰ
- The first is a verb and the second its subject
- Both are nominative predicates
Question 9
فَقُلْ هَل لَّكَ إِلَىٰٓ أَن تَزَكَّىٰ ١٨ وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشَىٰ ١٩ What explains the subjunctive form تَخْشَىٰ?
- It is governed by the preposition إِلَىٰ
- It is coordinated with the subjunctive verb أَهْدِيَكَ and shares its mood.
- It is a perfect verb
- It is the predicate of رَبِّكَ
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