Ayahs 29–37 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Nazi‘at — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 29
وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَىٰهَا
Ayah summary
Allah made its night dark and brought forth the light of its day.
Sentence structure
Two coordinated perfect verbs continue the description: He darkened its night and brought out its daylight. The attached pronouns refer to the heaven.
وَأَغْطَشَ — And He darkened
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it is coordinated with the preceding verb.
لَيْلَهَا — its night
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.
وَأَخْرَجَ — and brought out
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it is coordinated with the preceding verb.
ضُحَىٰهَا — its brightness
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.
2. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 30
وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَىٰهَآ
Ayah summary
After that, Allah spread out the earth.
Sentence structure
وَٱلْأَرْضَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by دَحَىٰهَآ; this is ishtighāl. بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ is a time expression. In the stated verb, the understood subject is He and هَآ is its object, referring back to the earth.
وَٱلْأَرْضَ — And the earth
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction and ٱلْ is the definite article. ٱلْأَرْضَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by دَحَىٰهَآ; this is the construction of preoccupation (ishtighāl). The attached هَآ is the expressed object of the stated verb.
بَعْدَ — after
Grammar: بَعْدَ is a time adverb functioning as the linked complement.
ذَٰلِكَ — that
Grammar: ذَٰلِكَ is a demonstrative functioning as the genitive complement.
دَحَىٰهَآ — He spread it
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هَآ is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as object.
3. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 31
أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَآءَهَا وَمَرْعَىٰهَا
Ayah summary
Allah brought water from the earth and produced vegetation and pasture through it.
Sentence structure
أَخْرَجَ has an understood subject, He. مِنْهَا is linked to the verb; مَآءَهَا is its object and وَمَرْعَىٰهَا is coordinated with that object.
أَخْرَجَ — He brought forth
Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb.
مِنْهَا — from it
Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition; the resulting prepositional phrase is linked to its governing word. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.
مَآءَهَا — its water
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.
وَمَرْعَىٰهَا — and its pasture
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.
4. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 32
وَٱلْجِبَالَ أَرْسَىٰهَا
Ayah summary
Allah firmly established the mountains in their places.
Sentence structure
وَٱلْجِبَالَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by أَرْسَىٰهَا; this is ishtighāl. The stated verb is perfect, its understood subject is He, and attached هَا is its object referring to the mountains collectively.
وَٱلْجِبَالَ — And the mountains
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction and ٱلْ is the definite article. ٱلْجِبَالَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by أَرْسَىٰهَا; this is the construction of preoccupation (ishtighāl). The attached هَا is the expressed object of the stated verb.
أَرْسَىٰهَا — He made them firm
Grammar: أَرْسَىٰ is a third-person masculine singular perfect verb with understood subject هُوَ. Attached هَا is its object pronoun referring to the mountains collectively.
5. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 33
مَتَـٰعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ
Ayah summary
All this provision was arranged for the benefit of people and their livestock.
Sentence structure
مَتَـٰعًا is an accusative of purpose. لَكُمْ and وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ are coordinated prepositional phrases linked to it.
مَتَـٰعًۭا — as provision
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the accusative of purpose.
لَّكُمْ — for you
Grammar: لَّ is a preposition. كُمْ is a pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.
وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ — and for your cattle
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. لِ is a preposition. A genitive noun governed by the preceding preposition. Attached كُمْ is a second-person masculine plural pronoun functioning as genitive complement.
6. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 34
فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلطَّآمَّةُ ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ
Ayah summary
Then the greatest upheaval of the Resurrection will arrive.
Sentence structure
إِذَا opens a future conditional-time clause. جَآءَتِ is its verb, ٱلطَّآمَّةُ the subject, and ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ its adjective.
فَإِذَا — But when
Grammar: فَ is a resumption particle. إِذَا is a time adverb.
جَآءَتِ — comes
Grammar: third-person feminine singular perfect verb; it functions as the condition clause.
ٱلطَّآمَّةُ — the overwhelming calamity
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject.
ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ — the great
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. A nominative adjective describing the preceding noun.
7. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 35
يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا سَعَىٰ
Ayah summary
On that day, every person will remember all that they did.
Sentence structure
يَوْمَ is a time expression. Its attached clause is يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ, and relative مَا سَعَىٰ is the object: what the human being strove for.
يَوْمَ — (The) Day
Grammar: يَوْمَ is a time adverb.
يَتَذَكَّرُ — will remember
Grammar: A form V third-person masculine singular imperfect verb. The complete clause يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ occupies the genitive position as the annexed clause after يَوْمَ.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject.
مَا — what
Grammar: مَا is a relative pronoun functioning as the object.
سَعَىٰ — he strove (for)
Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the relative clause.
8. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 36
وَبُرِّزَتِ ٱلْجَحِيمُ لِمَن يَرَىٰ
Ayah summary
Hell will be exposed so plainly that every observer will be able to see it.
Sentence structure
The passive verb وَبُرِّزَتِ has ٱلْجَحِيمُ as its passive subject. لِمَن يَرَىٰ means for whoever sees, with يَرَىٰ as the relative clause.
وَبُرِّزَتِ — And will be made manifest
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. form II passive third-person feminine singular perfect verb.
ٱلْجَحِيمُ — the Hellfire
Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the passive subject.
لِمَن — to (him) who
Grammar: لِ is a preposition. مَن is a relative pronoun functioning as the genitive complement.
يَرَىٰ — sees
Grammar: third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; it functions as the relative clause.
9. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 37
فَأَمَّا مَن طَغَىٰ
Ayah summary
The outcome of the person who rebelled is now described.
Sentence structure
فَ begins the answer to the إِذَا passage opened in ayah 34, and أَمَّا opens the first branch of the division. مَن طَغَىٰ identifies the person who transgressed; the response to this branch follows in ayah 39.
فَأَمَّا — Then as for
Grammar: فَ begins the answer to the إِذَا passage opened in ayah 34. أَمَّا is a particle of detailed division.
مَن — (him) who
Grammar: An indeclinable expression identifying “the one who”; in this أَمَّا branch, طَغَىٰ completes its description.
طَغَىٰ — transgressed
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb completing the description of مَن.