Surah An-Nazi‘at — Part 4

Ayahs 29–37 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Nazi‘at — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 29

وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَىٰهَا Ayah summary Allah made its night dark and brought forth the light of its day. Sentence structure Two coordinated perfect verbs continue the description: He darkened its night and brought out its daylight. The attached pronouns refer to the heaven. وَأَغْطَشَ — And He darkened Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it is coordinated with the preceding verb. لَيْلَهَا — its night Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement. وَأَخْرَجَ — and brought out Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it is coordinated with the preceding verb. ضُحَىٰهَا — its brightness Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.

2. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 30

وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَىٰهَآ Ayah summary After that, Allah spread out the earth. Sentence structure وَٱلْأَرْضَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by دَحَىٰهَآ; this is ishtighāl. بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ is a time expression. In the stated verb, the understood subject is He and هَآ is its object, referring back to the earth. وَٱلْأَرْضَ — And the earth Grammar: وَ is a conjunction and ٱلْ is the definite article. ٱلْأَرْضَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by دَحَىٰهَآ; this is the construction of preoccupation (ishtighāl). The attached هَآ is the expressed object of the stated verb. بَعْدَ — after Grammar: بَعْدَ is a time adverb functioning as the linked complement. ذَٰلِكَ — that Grammar: ذَٰلِكَ is a demonstrative functioning as the genitive complement. دَحَىٰهَآ — He spread it Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Attached هَآ is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as object.

3. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 31

أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَآءَهَا وَمَرْعَىٰهَا Ayah summary Allah brought water from the earth and produced vegetation and pasture through it. Sentence structure أَخْرَجَ has an understood subject, He. مِنْهَا is linked to the verb; مَآءَهَا is its object and وَمَرْعَىٰهَا is coordinated with that object. أَخْرَجَ — He brought forth Grammar: form IV third-person masculine singular perfect verb. مِنْهَا — from it Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition; the resulting prepositional phrase is linked to its governing word. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement. مَآءَهَا — its water Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement. وَمَرْعَىٰهَا — and its pasture Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. accusative noun functioning as the coordinated element. Attached هَا is a third-person feminine singular pronoun functioning as genitive complement.

4. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 32

وَٱلْجِبَالَ أَرْسَىٰهَا Ayah summary Allah firmly established the mountains in their places. Sentence structure وَٱلْجِبَالَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by أَرْسَىٰهَا; this is ishtighāl. The stated verb is perfect, its understood subject is He, and attached هَا is its object referring to the mountains collectively. وَٱلْجِبَالَ — And the mountains Grammar: وَ is a conjunction and ٱلْ is the definite article. ٱلْجِبَالَ is accusative through an omitted verb explained by أَرْسَىٰهَا; this is the construction of preoccupation (ishtighāl). The attached هَا is the expressed object of the stated verb. أَرْسَىٰهَا — He made them firm Grammar: أَرْسَىٰ is a third-person masculine singular perfect verb with understood subject هُوَ. Attached هَا is its object pronoun referring to the mountains collectively.

5. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 33

مَتَـٰعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ Ayah summary All this provision was arranged for the benefit of people and their livestock. Sentence structure مَتَـٰعًا is an accusative of purpose. لَكُمْ and وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ are coordinated prepositional phrases linked to it. مَتَـٰعًۭا — as provision Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the accusative of purpose. لَّكُمْ — for you Grammar: لَّ is a preposition. كُمْ is a pronoun functioning as the genitive complement. وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ — and for your cattle Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. لِ is a preposition. A genitive noun governed by the preceding preposition. Attached كُمْ is a second-person masculine plural pronoun functioning as genitive complement.

6. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 34

فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلطَّآمَّةُ ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ Ayah summary Then the greatest upheaval of the Resurrection will arrive. Sentence structure إِذَا opens a future conditional-time clause. جَآءَتِ is its verb, ٱلطَّآمَّةُ the subject, and ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ its adjective. فَإِذَا — But when Grammar: فَ is a resumption particle. إِذَا is a time adverb. جَآءَتِ — comes Grammar: third-person feminine singular perfect verb; it functions as the condition clause. ٱلطَّآمَّةُ — the overwhelming calamity Grammar: ٱل is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject. ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ — the great Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. A nominative adjective describing the preceding noun.

7. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 35

يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا سَعَىٰ Ayah summary On that day, every person will remember all that they did. Sentence structure يَوْمَ is a time expression. Its attached clause is يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ, and relative مَا سَعَىٰ is the object: what the human being strove for. يَوْمَ — (The) Day Grammar: يَوْمَ is a time adverb. يَتَذَكَّرُ — will remember Grammar: A form V third-person masculine singular imperfect verb. The complete clause يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ occupies the genitive position as the annexed clause after يَوْمَ. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the subject. مَا — what Grammar: مَا is a relative pronoun functioning as the object. سَعَىٰ — he strove (for) Grammar: third-person masculine singular perfect verb; it functions as the relative clause.

8. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 36

وَبُرِّزَتِ ٱلْجَحِيمُ لِمَن يَرَىٰ Ayah summary Hell will be exposed so plainly that every observer will be able to see it. Sentence structure The passive verb وَبُرِّزَتِ has ٱلْجَحِيمُ as its passive subject. لِمَن يَرَىٰ means for whoever sees, with يَرَىٰ as the relative clause. وَبُرِّزَتِ — And will be made manifest Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. form II passive third-person feminine singular perfect verb. ٱلْجَحِيمُ — the Hellfire Grammar: ٱلْ is the definite article. nominative noun functioning as the passive subject. لِمَن — to (him) who Grammar: لِ is a preposition. مَن is a relative pronoun functioning as the genitive complement. يَرَىٰ — sees Grammar: third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; it functions as the relative clause.

9. Surah An-Nazi‘at · Ayah 37

فَأَمَّا مَن طَغَىٰ Ayah summary The outcome of the person who rebelled is now described. Sentence structure فَ begins the answer to the إِذَا passage opened in ayah 34, and أَمَّا opens the first branch of the division. مَن طَغَىٰ identifies the person who transgressed; the response to this branch follows in ayah 39. فَأَمَّا — Then as for Grammar: فَ begins the answer to the إِذَا passage opened in ayah 34. أَمَّا is a particle of detailed division. مَن — (him) who Grammar: An indeclinable expression identifying “the one who”; in this أَمَّا branch, طَغَىٰ completes its description. طَغَىٰ — transgressed Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb completing the description of مَن.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَىٰهَا ۝٢٩ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَىٰهَآ ۝٣٠ What is the formal analysis of وَٱلْأَرْضَ in ayah 30?

  • Accusative through an omitted verb explained by دَحَىٰهَآ (ishtighāl)
  • Subject of دَحَىٰهَآ
  • Predicate
  • Adjective

Question 2

أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَآءَهَا وَمَرْعَىٰهَا ۝٣١ وَٱلْجِبَالَ أَرْسَىٰهَا ۝٣٢ Which analysis of ayah 32 is correct?

  • ٱلْجِبَالَ is the subject
  • هَا is the subject
  • ٱلْجِبَالَ is accusative by an omitted verb; هَا is the object of أَرْسَىٰ
  • أَرْسَىٰ is a noun

Question 3

مَتَـٰعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ ۝٣٣ فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلطَّآمَّةُ ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ ۝٣٤ In ayah 34, what is the relationship of ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ to ٱلطَّآمَّةُ?

  • It is its object
  • It is its adjective
  • It is a preposition
  • It is its subject

Question 4

يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا سَعَىٰ ۝٣٥ وَبُرِّزَتِ ٱلْجَحِيمُ لِمَن يَرَىٰ ۝٣٦ Which word is the passive subject of بُرِّزَتِ?

  • لِمَن
  • يَرَىٰ
  • مَا
  • ٱلْجَحِيمُ

Question 5

فَأَمَّا مَن طَغَىٰ ۝٣٧ What does أَمَّا begin here?

  • A simple negation
  • The first side of a detailed division
  • A prepositional phrase
  • An oath

Question 6

وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَىٰهَا ۝٢٩ What is the role of لَيْلَهَا and ضُحَىٰهَا?

  • Both are direct objects; each attached هَا is a genitive possessor referring to the sky
  • Both are subjects
  • Both are adverbs of time
  • Both are predicates

Question 7

أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَآءَهَا وَمَرْعَىٰهَا ۝٣١ How are مَآءَهَا and مَرْعَىٰهَا related to أَخْرَجَ?

  • Both are explicit subjects
  • The first is an adverb and the second a predicate
  • Both are governed by مِنْ
  • مَآءَهَا is the object and مَرْعَىٰهَا is coordinated with that object

Question 8

مَتَـٰعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَـٰمِكُمْ ۝٣٣ What does accusative مَتَـٰعًا express?

  • The subject of an omitted verb
  • A genitive adjective
  • Purpose and benefit, as مفعول له
  • A vocative noun

Question 9

يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا سَعَىٰ ۝٣٥ In مَا سَعَىٰ, what is مَا and what role does the phrase have?

  • مَا is a relative noun; the phrase is the object of يَتَذَكَّرُ
  • مَا is a negative particle
  • مَا is an interrogative subject
  • The phrase is a predicate of يَوْمَ

Open the interactive quiz