Ayahs 9–15 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Ash-Shams — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 9
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّىٰهَا
Sentence structure
قَدْ confirms the perfect أَفْلَحَ. مَن is its subject; زَكَّىٰهَا is the relative clause, with understood subject هُوَ and attached object هَا.
Ayah summary
Surely successful is the one who purifies his soul.
قَدْ — Indeed
Grammar: A particle of confirmation before a perfect verb.
أَفْلَحَ — he succeeds
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose explicit subject is مَن.
مَن — who
Grammar: A relative noun functioning as the nominative subject of أَفْلَحَ.
زَكَّىٰهَا — purifies it
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; subject هُوَ is understood and هَا is object.
2. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 10
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّىٰهَا
Sentence structure
وَقَدْ coordinates and confirms خَابَ. مَن is its subject; دَسَّىٰهَا is the relative clause with understood subject and attached object هَا.
Ayah summary
And unsuccessful is the one who buries his soul beneath its desires.
وَقَدْ — And indeed
Grammar: وَ coordinates and قَدْ confirms the following perfect.
خَابَ — he fails
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect whose explicit subject is مَن.
مَن — who
Grammar: A relative noun functioning as the nominative subject of خَابَ.
دَسَّىٰهَا — buries it
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; subject is understood and attached هَا is object.
3. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 11
كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ
Sentence structure
كَذَّبَتْ is a feminine-singular Form II perfect and ثَمُودُ its nominative subject. بِطَغْوَىٰهَا is linked to the verb; attached هَا is the possessor of طَغْوَىٰ.
Ayah summary
The people of Thamud denied the truth because of their rebellion.
كَذَّبَتْ — Denied
Grammar: A Form II third-person feminine-singular perfect whose explicit subject follows.
ثَمُودُ — Thamud
Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the nominative subject of كَذَّبَتْ.
بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ — by their transgression
Grammar: بِ is a preposition; طَغْوَىٰ is genitive in position and attached هَا its possessor. This phrase is linked to «كَذَّبَتْ».
4. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 12
إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشْقَىٰهَا
Sentence structure
إِذِ is a past-time adverb linked to the preceding statement. ٱنۢبَعَثَ is a Form VII perfect, and أَشْقَىٰهَا is its nominative subject with attached هَا as possessor.
Ayah summary
The most wretched among them rose to carry out the deed.
إِذِ — When
Grammar: A past-time adverb linked to the preceding statement and introducing the following clause. This adverbial expression relates to «كَذَّبَتْ».
ٱنۢبَعَثَ — (was) sent forth
Grammar: A Form VII third-person masculine-singular perfect whose explicit subject follows.
أَشْقَىٰهَا — (the) most wicked of them
Grammar: A masculine nominative elative noun functioning as subject; attached هَا is the possessor.
5. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 13
فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَـٰهَا
Sentence structure
فَقَالَ is a perfect; رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ is its subject with a genitive annexation, and لَهُمْ is linked to the verb. نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَـٰهَا are coordinated accusative warning objects governed by an omitted verb.
Ayah summary
Allah's messenger Salih warned them about Allah's she-camel and her turn to drink.
فَقَالَ — But said
Grammar: فَ is resumptive and قَالَ a third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject follows. An object/complement is omitted with «قَالَ».
لَهُمْ — to them
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and attached هُمْ a masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase links to قَالَ.
رَسُولُ — (the) Messenger
Grammar: A masculine nominative noun functioning as subject of قَالَ and annexed to the next name.
ٱللَّهِ — (of) Allah
Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the genitive complement of رَسُولُ.
نَاقَةَ — (It is the) she-camel
Grammar: A feminine accusative warning object governed by an omitted verb and annexed to the next name.
ٱللَّهِ — (of) Allah
Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the genitive complement of نَاقَةَ.
وَسُقْيَـٰهَا — and her drink
Grammar: وَ coordinates; سُقْيَا is accusative in position, coordinated with نَاقَةَ, and هَا its possessor.
6. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 14
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ فَسَوَّىٰهَا
Sentence structure
فَكَذَّبُوهُ and فَعَقَرُوهَا have attached plural subjects and attached objects. فَدَمْدَمَ has رَبُّهُم as subject; عَلَيْهِمْ and بِذَنۢبِهِمْ are linked to it. فَسَوَّىٰهَا is coordinated, with understood subject and هَا as object.
Ayah summary
They denied the messenger and killed the she-camel, so their Lord destroyed them all because of their sin.
فَكَذَّبُوهُ — But they denied him
Grammar: فَ resumes; كَذَّبُو is Form II plural perfect, attached وا subject and attached هُ object.
فَعَقَرُوهَا — and they hamstrung her
Grammar: فَ coordinates; عَقَرُو is a plural perfect, attached وا subject and attached هَا object.
فَدَمْدَمَ — So destroyed
Grammar: فَ is causative/resultative; دَمْدَمَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is رَبُّهُم.
عَلَيْهِمْ — them
Grammar: عَلَىٰ is a preposition and attached هِمْ a masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase links to دَمْدَمَ.
رَبُّهُم — their Lord
Grammar: A masculine nominative subject of دَمْدَمَ; attached هُمْ is its possessor.
بِذَنۢبِهِمْ — for their sin
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ذَنۢبِ a masculine genitive noun, and هِمْ its possessor; the phrase links to دَمْدَمَ.
فَسَوَّىٰهَا — and leveled them
Grammar: فَ coordinates; سَوَّىٰ is Form II with understood subject هُوَ, and attached هَا is object.
7. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 15
وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَـٰهَا
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates and لَا negates the indicative imperfect يَخَافُ, whose subject is understood هُوَ. عُقْبَـٰهَا is its accusative object and هَا the possessor.
Ayah summary
And Allah has no fear of any consequence or retaliation for this action.
وَلَا — And not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا is a non-governing negative particle before the indicative imperfect.
يَخَافُ — He fears
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.
عُقْبَـٰهَا — its consequences
Grammar: A feminine accusative object of يَخَافُ; attached هَا is the possessor.