Surah Ash-Shams — Part 2

Ayahs 9–15 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Ash-Shams — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 9

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّىٰهَا Sentence structure قَدْ confirms the perfect أَفْلَحَ. مَن is its subject; زَكَّىٰهَا is the relative clause, with understood subject هُوَ and attached object هَا. Ayah summary Surely successful is the one who purifies his soul. قَدْ — Indeed Grammar: A particle of confirmation before a perfect verb. أَفْلَحَ — he succeeds Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose explicit subject is مَن. مَن — who Grammar: A relative noun functioning as the nominative subject of أَفْلَحَ. زَكَّىٰهَا — purifies it Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; subject هُوَ is understood and هَا is object.

2. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 10

وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّىٰهَا Sentence structure وَقَدْ coordinates and confirms خَابَ. مَن is its subject; دَسَّىٰهَا is the relative clause with understood subject and attached object هَا. Ayah summary And unsuccessful is the one who buries his soul beneath its desires. وَقَدْ — And indeed Grammar: وَ coordinates and قَدْ confirms the following perfect. خَابَ — he fails Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect whose explicit subject is مَن. مَن — who Grammar: A relative noun functioning as the nominative subject of خَابَ. دَسَّىٰهَا — buries it Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect in the relative clause; subject is understood and attached هَا is object.

3. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 11

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ Sentence structure كَذَّبَتْ is a feminine-singular Form II perfect and ثَمُودُ its nominative subject. بِطَغْوَىٰهَا is linked to the verb; attached هَا is the possessor of طَغْوَىٰ. Ayah summary The people of Thamud denied the truth because of their rebellion. كَذَّبَتْ — Denied Grammar: A Form II third-person feminine-singular perfect whose explicit subject follows. ثَمُودُ — Thamud Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the nominative subject of كَذَّبَتْ. بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ — by their transgression Grammar: بِ is a preposition; طَغْوَىٰ is genitive in position and attached هَا its possessor. This phrase is linked to «كَذَّبَتْ».

4. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 12

إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشْقَىٰهَا Sentence structure إِذِ is a past-time adverb linked to the preceding statement. ٱنۢبَعَثَ is a Form VII perfect, and أَشْقَىٰهَا is its nominative subject with attached هَا as possessor. Ayah summary The most wretched among them rose to carry out the deed. إِذِ — When Grammar: A past-time adverb linked to the preceding statement and introducing the following clause. This adverbial expression relates to «كَذَّبَتْ». ٱنۢبَعَثَ — (was) sent forth Grammar: A Form VII third-person masculine-singular perfect whose explicit subject follows. أَشْقَىٰهَا — (the) most wicked of them Grammar: A masculine nominative elative noun functioning as subject; attached هَا is the possessor.

5. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 13

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَـٰهَا Sentence structure فَقَالَ is a perfect; رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ is its subject with a genitive annexation, and لَهُمْ is linked to the verb. نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَـٰهَا are coordinated accusative warning objects governed by an omitted verb. Ayah summary Allah's messenger Salih warned them about Allah's she-camel and her turn to drink. فَقَالَ — But said Grammar: فَ is resumptive and قَالَ a third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject follows. An object/complement is omitted with «قَالَ». لَهُمْ — to them Grammar: لِ is a preposition and attached هُمْ a masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase links to قَالَ. رَسُولُ — (the) Messenger Grammar: A masculine nominative noun functioning as subject of قَالَ and annexed to the next name. ٱللَّهِ — (of) Allah Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the genitive complement of رَسُولُ. نَاقَةَ — (It is the) she-camel Grammar: A feminine accusative warning object governed by an omitted verb and annexed to the next name. ٱللَّهِ — (of) Allah Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the genitive complement of نَاقَةَ. وَسُقْيَـٰهَا — and her drink Grammar: وَ coordinates; سُقْيَا is accusative in position, coordinated with نَاقَةَ, and هَا its possessor.

6. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 14

فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ فَسَوَّىٰهَا Sentence structure فَكَذَّبُوهُ and فَعَقَرُوهَا have attached plural subjects and attached objects. فَدَمْدَمَ has رَبُّهُم as subject; عَلَيْهِمْ and بِذَنۢبِهِمْ are linked to it. فَسَوَّىٰهَا is coordinated, with understood subject and هَا as object. Ayah summary They denied the messenger and killed the she-camel, so their Lord destroyed them all because of their sin. فَكَذَّبُوهُ — But they denied him Grammar: فَ resumes; كَذَّبُو is Form II plural perfect, attached وا subject and attached هُ object. فَعَقَرُوهَا — and they hamstrung her Grammar: فَ coordinates; عَقَرُو is a plural perfect, attached وا subject and attached هَا object. فَدَمْدَمَ — So destroyed Grammar: فَ is causative/resultative; دَمْدَمَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is رَبُّهُم. عَلَيْهِمْ — them Grammar: عَلَىٰ is a preposition and attached هِمْ a masculine-plural genitive pronoun; the phrase links to دَمْدَمَ. رَبُّهُم — their Lord Grammar: A masculine nominative subject of دَمْدَمَ; attached هُمْ is its possessor. بِذَنۢبِهِمْ — for their sin Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ذَنۢبِ a masculine genitive noun, and هِمْ its possessor; the phrase links to دَمْدَمَ. فَسَوَّىٰهَا — and leveled them Grammar: فَ coordinates; سَوَّىٰ is Form II with understood subject هُوَ, and attached هَا is object.

7. Surah Ash-Shams · Ayah 15

وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَـٰهَا Sentence structure وَ coordinates and لَا negates the indicative imperfect يَخَافُ, whose subject is understood هُوَ. عُقْبَـٰهَا is its accusative object and هَا the possessor. Ayah summary And Allah has no fear of any consequence or retaliation for this action. وَلَا — And not Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا is a non-governing negative particle before the indicative imperfect. يَخَافُ — He fears Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject هُوَ. عُقْبَـٰهَا — its consequences Grammar: A feminine accusative object of يَخَافُ; attached هَا is the possessor.

Practice questions

Question 1

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّىٰهَا ۝٩ What is مَن with أَفْلَحَ?

  • Nominative subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Preposition

Question 2

وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّىٰهَا ۝١٠ What does قَدْ do in وَقَدْ خَابَ?

  • Makes jussive
  • Confirms the perfect
  • Makes subjunctive
  • Introduces a question

Question 3

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ ۝١١ What is ثَمُودُ with كَذَّبَتْ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Nominative subject
  • Genitive complement

Question 4

إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشْقَىٰهَا ۝١٢ What form is ٱنۢبَعَثَ?

  • Form II
  • Form IV
  • Form I
  • Form VII

Question 5

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَـٰهَا ۝١٣ What is ٱللَّهِ after رَسُولُ?

  • Genitive complement
  • Subject
  • Object
  • Predicate

Question 6

فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ فَسَوَّىٰهَا ۝١٤ What is attached وا in فَعَقَرُوهَا?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Possessor
  • Predicate

Question 7

وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَـٰهَا ۝١٥ What is عُقْبَـٰهَا with يَخَافُ?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Accusative object
  • Genitive adjective

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