Ayahs 9–16 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah At-Takwir — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 9
بِأَىِّ ذَنۢبٍ قُتِلَتْ
Sentence structure
The interrogative prepositional phrase بِأَىِّ ذَنۢبٍ attaches to the passive verb قُتِلَتْ and gives the content of the question in ayah 8.
Ayah summary
She will be asked for what offence she was killed.
بِأَىِّ — For what
Grammar: Attached بِ is a preposition; interrogative أَىِّ is genitive and mudāf.
ذَنۢبٍۢ — sin
Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement.
قُتِلَتْ — she was killed
Grammar: A passive perfect, third-person feminine singular, with an implicit deputy subject referring to the buried girl; the girl is not its direct object.
2. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 10
وَإِذَا ٱلصُّحُفُ نُشِرَتْ
Sentence structure
The records are nominative in another coordinated condition, and نُشِرَتْ explains their being laid open.
Ayah summary
The records of deeds will be opened so that every person’s actions become manifest.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning.
ٱلصُّحُفُ — the pages
Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by نُشِرَتْ.
نُشِرَتْ — are laid open
Grammar: A feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position.
3. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 11
وَإِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ كُشِطَتْ
Sentence structure
The sky is nominative in the coordinated condition, and كُشِطَتْ is the passive perfect explaining its being stripped away.
Ayah summary
The sky will be stripped open and what lay beyond it will become visible.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning.
ٱلسَّمَآءُ — the sky
Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by كُشِطَتْ.
كُشِطَتْ — is stripped away
Grammar: A feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position: the sky is stripped away.
4. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 12
وَإِذَا ٱلْجَحِيمُ سُعِّرَتْ
Sentence structure
Hellfire is nominative in the coordinated condition, and سُعِّرَتْ is a Form II passive perfect explaining its kindling.
Ayah summary
Hell will be kindled with full intensity.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning.
ٱلْجَحِيمُ — the Hellfire
Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by سُعِّرَتْ.
سُعِّرَتْ — is set ablaze
Grammar: A Form II feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position.
5. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 13
وَإِذَا ٱلْجَنَّةُ أُزْلِفَتْ
Sentence structure
Paradise is nominative in the final coordinated condition, and أُزْلِفَتْ is a Form IV passive perfect explaining its being brought near.
Ayah summary
Paradise will be brought near to the God-fearing.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning.
ٱلْجَنَّةُ — Paradise
Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by أُزْلِفَتْ.
أُزْلِفَتْ — is brought near
Grammar: A Form IV feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position.
6. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 14
عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَّآ أَحْضَرَتْ
Sentence structure
This verbal clause is the response to the conditions in ayahs 1–13. نَفْسٌ is the subject, relative مَّآ the object, and أَحْضَرَتْ its relative clause.
Ayah summary
On that day, every person will know what deeds they have brought forward.
عَلِمَتْ — Will know
Grammar: A third-person feminine singular perfect used as the response to the future conditions.
نَفْسٌۭ — a soul
Grammar: nominative noun functioning as the subject.
مَّآ — what
Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the direct object of عَلِمَتْ.
أَحْضَرَتْ — it has brought
Grammar: A Form IV third-person feminine singular perfect verb with implicit هِيَ as its subject. It forms the relative clause; its returning object pronoun is omitted.
7. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 15
فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِٱلْخُنَّسِ
Sentence structure
فَ resumes the discourse; the exact grammatical explanation of لَا has recognized differences. أُقْسِمُ is first-person Form IV imperfect, and بِٱلْخُنَّسِ is the oath phrase.
Ayah summary
An oath is introduced by entities described as retreating; the next ayah continues their description.
فَلَآ — But nay
Grammar: فَ resumes the discourse. The exact grammatical status of لَا has recognized differences.
أُقْسِمُ — I swear
Grammar: A Form IV active imperfect, first-person singular: I swear.
بِٱلْخُنَّسِ — by the retreating ones
Grammar: بِ is the oath preposition; the definite plural noun is genitive.
8. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 16
ٱلْجَوَارِ ٱلْكُنَّسِ
Sentence structure
Both words continue the genitive description of ٱلْخُنَّسِ: ٱلْجَوَارِ is one adjective and ٱلْكُنَّسِ a second.
Ayah summary
Those described are running and withdrawing from view.
ٱلْجَوَارِ — Those that run
Grammar: A definite feminine-plural active-participle adjective, genitive; its underlying final yā is omitted in writing.
ٱلْكُنَّسِ — (and) disappear
Grammar: A definite plural genitive adjective, the second adjective in the sequence.