Surah At-Takwir — Part 2

Ayahs 9–16 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah At-Takwir — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 9

بِأَىِّ ذَنۢبٍ قُتِلَتْ Sentence structure The interrogative prepositional phrase بِأَىِّ ذَنۢبٍ attaches to the passive verb قُتِلَتْ and gives the content of the question in ayah 8. Ayah summary She will be asked for what offence she was killed. بِأَىِّ — For what Grammar: Attached بِ is a preposition; interrogative أَىِّ is genitive and mudāf. ذَنۢبٍۢ — sin Grammar: genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement. قُتِلَتْ — she was killed Grammar: A passive perfect, third-person feminine singular, with an implicit deputy subject referring to the buried girl; the girl is not its direct object.

2. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 10

وَإِذَا ٱلصُّحُفُ نُشِرَتْ Sentence structure The records are nominative in another coordinated condition, and نُشِرَتْ explains their being laid open. Ayah summary The records of deeds will be opened so that every person’s actions become manifest. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning. ٱلصُّحُفُ — the pages Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by نُشِرَتْ. نُشِرَتْ — are laid open Grammar: A feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position.

3. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 11

وَإِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ كُشِطَتْ Sentence structure The sky is nominative in the coordinated condition, and كُشِطَتْ is the passive perfect explaining its being stripped away. Ayah summary The sky will be stripped open and what lay beyond it will become visible. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning. ٱلسَّمَآءُ — the sky Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by كُشِطَتْ. كُشِطَتْ — is stripped away Grammar: A feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position: the sky is stripped away.

4. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 12

وَإِذَا ٱلْجَحِيمُ سُعِّرَتْ Sentence structure Hellfire is nominative in the coordinated condition, and سُعِّرَتْ is a Form II passive perfect explaining its kindling. Ayah summary Hell will be kindled with full intensity. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning. ٱلْجَحِيمُ — the Hellfire Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by سُعِّرَتْ. سُعِّرَتْ — is set ablaze Grammar: A Form II feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position.

5. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 13

وَإِذَا ٱلْجَنَّةُ أُزْلِفَتْ Sentence structure Paradise is nominative in the final coordinated condition, and أُزْلِفَتْ is a Form IV passive perfect explaining its being brought near. Ayah summary Paradise will be brought near to the God-fearing. وَإِذَا — And when Grammar: وَ coordinates the whole conditional construction with the preceding one. إِذَا is a future non-jussive temporal adverb containing conditional meaning. ٱلْجَنَّةُ — Paradise Grammar: The noun is nominative; here it is the deputy subject of an omitted passive verb explained by أُزْلِفَتْ. أُزْلِفَتْ — is brought near Grammar: A Form IV feminine singular perfect passive verb. The written verbal clause is explanatory and has no syntactic position.

6. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 14

عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَّآ أَحْضَرَتْ Sentence structure This verbal clause is the response to the conditions in ayahs 1–13. نَفْسٌ is the subject, relative مَّآ the object, and أَحْضَرَتْ its relative clause. Ayah summary On that day, every person will know what deeds they have brought forward. عَلِمَتْ — Will know Grammar: A third-person feminine singular perfect used as the response to the future conditions. نَفْسٌۭ — a soul Grammar: nominative noun functioning as the subject. مَّآ — what Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the direct object of عَلِمَتْ. أَحْضَرَتْ — it has brought Grammar: A Form IV third-person feminine singular perfect verb with implicit هِيَ as its subject. It forms the relative clause; its returning object pronoun is omitted.

7. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 15

فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِٱلْخُنَّسِ Sentence structure فَ resumes the discourse; the exact grammatical explanation of لَا has recognized differences. أُقْسِمُ is first-person Form IV imperfect, and بِٱلْخُنَّسِ is the oath phrase. Ayah summary An oath is introduced by entities described as retreating; the next ayah continues their description. فَلَآ — But nay Grammar: فَ resumes the discourse. The exact grammatical status of لَا has recognized differences. أُقْسِمُ — I swear Grammar: A Form IV active imperfect, first-person singular: I swear. بِٱلْخُنَّسِ — by the retreating ones Grammar: بِ is the oath preposition; the definite plural noun is genitive.

8. Surah At-Takwir · Ayah 16

ٱلْجَوَارِ ٱلْكُنَّسِ Sentence structure Both words continue the genitive description of ٱلْخُنَّسِ: ٱلْجَوَارِ is one adjective and ٱلْكُنَّسِ a second. Ayah summary Those described are running and withdrawing from view. ٱلْجَوَارِ — Those that run Grammar: A definite feminine-plural active-participle adjective, genitive; its underlying final yā is omitted in writing. ٱلْكُنَّسِ — (and) disappear Grammar: A definite plural genitive adjective, the second adjective in the sequence.

Practice questions

Question 1

بِأَىِّ ذَنۢبٍ قُتِلَتْ ۝٩ What is ذَنۢبٍ after بِأَىِّ?

  • Genitive complement in an iḍāfa
  • Deputy subject
  • Direct object
  • Predicate

Question 2

وَإِذَا ٱلصُّحُفُ نُشِرَتْ ۝١٠ What is the case of ٱلصُّحُفُ?

  • Accusative
  • Genitive
  • Jussive
  • Nominative

Question 3

وَإِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ كُشِطَتْ ۝١١ What is the voice of كُشِطَتْ?

  • Imperative
  • Subjunctive
  • Passive
  • Active

Question 4

وَإِذَا ٱلْجَحِيمُ سُعِّرَتْ ۝١٢ Which form is سُعِّرَتْ?

  • Form VII active
  • Form II passive
  • Form II active
  • Form IV active

Question 5

وَإِذَا ٱلْجَنَّةُ أُزْلِفَتْ ۝١٣ Which form is أُزْلِفَتْ?

  • Form IV passive
  • Form II passive
  • Form VII active
  • Form X active

Question 6

عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَّآ أَحْضَرَتْ ۝١٤ What is مَآ in مَآ أَحْضَرَتْ?

  • Negative particle
  • Interrogative particle
  • Subject
  • Relative pronoun serving as the object

Question 7

فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِٱلْخُنَّسِ ۝١٥ Who is the subject of أُقْسِمُ?

  • The stars
  • The night
  • The implicit first-person pronoun أنا
  • The sun

Question 8

ٱلْجَوَارِ ٱلْكُنَّسِ ۝١٦ What is ٱلْكُنَّسِ with ٱلْجَوَارِ?

  • Predicate
  • A second genitive adjective
  • Direct object
  • Subject

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