وَٱلصُّبْحِ إِذَا تَنَفَّسَ
Sentence structure
This oath is parallel to ayah 17. إِذَا is a time adverb, and Form V تَنَفَّسَ has an understood subject referring to the dawn.
Ayah summary
Allah swears by the morning as its light begins to appear.
وَٱلصُّبْحِ — And the dawn
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. ٱل is the definite article. genitive noun functioning as the coordinated element.
إِذَا — when
Grammar: إِذَا is a time adverb functioning as the linked complement.
تَنَفَّسَ — it breathes
Grammar: A Form V active perfect, third-person masculine singular; its understood subject refers to the dawn.