Surah At-Tariq — Part 1

Ayahs 1–9 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah At-Tariq — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 1

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلطَّارِقِ Sentence structure وَ is the oath preposition and ٱلسَّمَآءِ its genitive oath noun. وَٱلطَّارِقِ is coordinated with it and is likewise genitive. Ayah summary Allah swears by the sky and by the night visitor called At-Tariq. وَٱلسَّمَآءِ — By the sky Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition, ٱل the definite article, and سَّمَآءِ the genitive oath noun. وَٱلطَّارِقِ — and the night comer Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and طَّارِقِ is a genitive active participle coordinated with ٱلسَّمَآءِ.

2. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 2

وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلطَّارِقُ Sentence structure The first مَآ opens the question. أَدْرَىٰكَ is a perfect verb with attached كَ as object; the clause مَا ٱلطَّارِقُ completes what is being asked. Ayah summary The question draws attention to the greatness of At-Tariq. وَمَآ — And what Grammar: وَ coordinates; مَآ is a non-governing interrogative expression opening the question. أَدْرَىٰكَ — can make you know Grammar: أَدْرَىٰ is a third-person masculine-singular Form IV perfect with an understood subject; attached كَ is its second-person masculine-singular object. مَا — what Grammar: An interrogative pronoun beginning the clause that completes the object/content of أَدْرَىٰكَ. ٱلطَّارِقُ — the night comer (is) Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; طَّارِقُ is a nominative active participle functioning as the predicate of interrogative مَا.

3. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 3

ٱلنَّجْمُ ٱلثَّاقِبُ Sentence structure ٱلنَّجْمُ explains ٱلطَّارِقُ in the preceding question. ٱلثَّاقِبُ is its matching nominative adjective. Ayah summary At-Tariq is an intensely shining star. ٱلنَّجْمُ — (It is) the star Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; نَّجْمُ is nominative and explains ٱلطَّارِقُ as an apposition, adjective-like explanation, or predicate of an understood topic. ٱلثَّاقِبُ — the piercing Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; ثَّاقِبُ is a nominative active-participle adjective matching ٱلنَّجْمُ.

4. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 4

إِن كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ لَّمَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌۭ Sentence structure The whole clause is the response to the opening oath. On the negative-exception analysis, إِن negates, كُلُّ is the nominative topic annexed to نَفْسٍۢ, and لَّمَّا means 'except'. حَافِظٌۭ is the predicate, with عَلَيْهَا linked to it. Ayah summary Every soul has a guardian appointed by Allah. إِن — Not Grammar: In the negative-exception reading, a non-governing negative particle equivalent to مَا. كُلُّ — (is) every Grammar: A nominative noun functioning as the topic and annexed to نَفْسٍۢ. نَفْسٍۢ — soul Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular genitive noun functioning as the complement of كُلُّ. لَّمَّا — but Grammar: In one grammatical reading, an exception particle meaning إِلَّا. عَلَيْهَا — over it Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached هَا its third-person feminine-singular genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to حَافِظٌۭ. حَافِظٌۭ — (is) a protector Grammar: An indefinite nominative active participle functioning as the predicate of كُلُّ.

5. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 5

فَلْيَنظُرِ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ Sentence structure فَ resumes, لْ is the command-lām, and يَنظُرِ is jussive. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is its subject. مِمَّ is مِن plus interrogative مَا, and خُلِقَ is passive. Ayah summary A person should consider from what he was created. فَلْيَنظُرِ — So let see Grammar: فَ resumes, لْ is the command-lām, and يَنظُرِ is a third-person masculine-singular jussive imperfect; its final kasra avoids two consonants meeting. ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; إِنسَـٰنُ is the nominative subject of يَنظُرِ. مِمَّ — from what Grammar: A contraction of preposition مِن and interrogative مَا; the nūn assimilates and the alif of مَا is dropped after the preposition. خُلِقَ — he is created Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive perfect with an understood deputy subject referring to the human; the clause completes the interrogative expression.

6. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 6

خُلِقَ مِن مَّآءٍۢ دَافِقٍۢ Sentence structure خُلِقَ is passive perfect with an understood deputy subject. مِن مَّآءٍۢ is linked to it, and دَافِقٍۢ is a matching genitive adjective of مَّآءٍۢ. Ayah summary He was created from a fluid that gushes forth. خُلِقَ — He is created Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular passive perfect with an understood deputy subject. مِن — from Grammar: A preposition linked to خُلِقَ. مَّآءٍۢ — a water Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive noun after مِن. دَافِقٍۢ — ejected Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive active-participle adjective matching مَّآءٍۢ.

7. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 7

يَخْرُجُ مِنۢ بَيْنِ ٱلصُّلْبِ وَٱلتَّرَآئِبِ Sentence structure The clause يَخْرُجُ is in the genitive position as a second adjective of مَّآءٍۢ; its verb is indicative and its subject understood. مِنۢ بَيْنِ is linked to it; ٱلصُّلْبِ is the genitive complement of بَيْنِ, and وَٱلتَّرَآئِبِ is coordinated with it. Ayah summary This fluid emerges from between the backbone and the chest bones. يَخْرُجُ — Coming forth Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with an understood subject. Its clause is in the genitive position as a second adjective of مَّآءٍۢ. مِنۢ — from Grammar: A preposition linked to يَخْرُجُ. بَيْنِ — between Grammar: A genitive adverbial noun after مِنۢ, annexed to ٱلصُّلْبِ. ٱلصُّلْبِ — the backbone Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; صُّلْبِ is the genitive complement of بَيْنِ. وَٱلتَّرَآئِبِ — and the ribs Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and تَّرَآئِبِ is a genitive plural noun coordinated with ٱلصُّلْبِ.

8. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 8

إِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَجْعِهِۦ لَقَادِرٌۭ Sentence structure Attached هُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ. عَلَىٰ رَجْعِهِۦ is linked to قَادِرٌۭ; its attached هِۦ is genitive. لَ emphasizes the nominative predicate. Ayah summary Allah is able to bring the human being back to life after death. إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed, He Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle and attached هُۥ its third-person masculine-singular noun. عَلَىٰ — to Grammar: A preposition; the phrase عَلَىٰ رَجْعِهِۦ is linked to قَادِرٌۭ. رَجْعِهِۦ — return him Grammar: رَجْعِ is genitive after عَلَىٰ and attached هِۦ its third-person masculine-singular genitive possessor. لَقَادِرٌۭ — (is) Able Grammar: لَ is the emphatic lām and قَادِرٌۭ an indefinite nominative active participle functioning as the predicate of إِنَّ.

9. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 9

يَوْمَ تُبْلَى ٱلسَّرَآئِرُ Sentence structure يَوْمَ is an accusative time adverb. Its following clause has passive تُبْلَى and nominative ٱلسَّرَآئِرُ as the deputy subject. Ayah summary On the Day of Resurrection, the secrets of hearts and hidden deeds will be exposed and examined. يَوْمَ — (The) Day Grammar: An accusative time adverb. تُبْلَى — will be tested Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive indicative imperfect; its clause is annexed to يَوْمَ. ٱلسَّرَآئِرُ — the secrets Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; سَّرَآئِرُ is the feminine-plural nominative deputy subject of تُبْلَى.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلطَّارِقِ ۝١ What is ٱلسَّمَآءِ after the oath-wāw?

  • Genitive oath noun
  • Subject
  • Object
  • Predicate

Question 2

وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلطَّارِقُ ۝٢ What is attached كَ in أَدْرَىٰكَ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Adjective
  • Predicate

Question 3

ٱلنَّجْمُ ٱلثَّاقِبُ ۝٣ What is ٱلثَّاقِبُ?

  • Object
  • Genitive complement
  • Nominative adjective of ٱلنَّجْمُ
  • Subject

Question 4

إِن كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ لَّمَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌۭ ۝٤ What is نَفْسٍۢ after كُلُّ?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Genitive complement

Question 5

فَلْيَنظُرِ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ ۝٥ What mood is يَنظُرِ after the command-lām?

  • Jussive
  • Indicative
  • Subjunctive
  • Perfect

Question 6

خُلِقَ مِن مَّآءٍۢ دَافِقٍۢ ۝٦ What is دَافِقٍۢ?

  • Object
  • Genitive adjective of مَّآءٍۢ
  • Subject
  • Predicate

Question 7

يَخْرُجُ مِنۢ بَيْنِ ٱلصُّلْبِ وَٱلتَّرَآئِبِ ۝٧ How is وَٱلتَّرَآئِبِ connected?

  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Coordinated genitive noun
  • Subject

Question 8

إِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَجْعِهِۦ لَقَادِرٌۭ ۝٨ What is لَ in لَقَادِرٌۭ?

  • Preposition
  • Command lām
  • Negative particle
  • Emphatic lām

Question 9

يَوْمَ تُبْلَى ٱلسَّرَآئِرُ ۝٩ What is ٱلسَّرَآئِرُ with passive تُبْلَى?

  • Nominative deputy subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement

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