Surah At-Tariq — Part 2

1. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 10

فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن قُوَّةٍۢ وَلَا نَاصِرٍۢ
Sentence structure
فَ resumes and مَا negates. لَهُۥ is the fronted predicate; مِن reinforces the negation before قُوَّةٍۢ. وَلَا نَاصِرٍۢ is coordinated in the same negative construction.

Ayah summary
On that day, a person will have neither power of his own nor any helper.

فَمَا — Then not
Grammar: فَ resumes and مَا is a non-governing negative particle.

لَهُۥ — (is) for him
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُۥ its third-person masculine-singular genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate.

مِن — any
Grammar: An extra preposition reinforcing the preceding negation and governing قُوَّةٍۢ in form.

قُوَّةٍۢ — power
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular noun, genitive in form after extra مِن and nominative in syntactic position as the delayed topic.

وَلَا — and not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا reinforces the negation.

نَاصِرٍۢ — any helper
Grammar: An indefinite genitive active participle coordinated with قُوَّةٍۢ.

2. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 11

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجْعِ
Sentence structure
وَ is the oath preposition and ٱلسَّمَآءِ its genitive oath noun. ذَاتِ is a genitive adjective annexed to ٱلرَّجْعِ.

Ayah summary
Allah swears by the sky that repeatedly returns rain.

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ — By the sky
Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition, ٱل the definite article, and سَّمَآءِ the genitive oath noun.

ذَاتِ — which
Grammar: A feminine-singular genitive adjective of ٱلسَّمَآءِ, annexed to ٱلرَّجْعِ.

ٱلرَّجْعِ — returns
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; رَّجْعِ is the genitive complement of ذَاتِ.

3. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 12

وَٱلْأَرْضِ ذَاتِ ٱلصَّدْعِ
Sentence structure
وَٱلْأَرْضِ is coordinated with the preceding genitive oath noun. ذَاتِ is its genitive adjective and is annexed to ٱلصَّدْعِ.

Ayah summary
And by the earth that splits open for vegetation to emerge.

وَٱلْأَرْضِ — And the earth
Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and أَرْضِ is a genitive noun coordinated with ٱلسَّمَآءِ.

ذَاتِ — which
Grammar: A feminine-singular genitive adjective of ٱلْأَرْضِ, annexed to ٱلصَّدْعِ.

ٱلصَّدْعِ — cracks open
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; صَّدْعِ is the genitive complement of ذَاتِ.

4. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 13

إِنَّهُۥ لَقَوْلٌۭ فَصْلٌۭ
Sentence structure
The complete clause is the response to the preceding oath. Attached هُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ. In لَقَوْلٌۭ, لَ is emphatic and قَوْلٌۭ the nominative predicate; فَصْلٌۭ is its matching adjective.

Ayah summary
The Qur’an is a decisive word that distinguishes truth from falsehood.

إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed, it
Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle and attached هُۥ its third-person masculine-singular noun.

لَقَوْلٌۭ — (is) surely a Word
Grammar: لَ is the emphatic lām; قَوْلٌۭ is an indefinite nominative verbal noun functioning as the predicate of إِنَّ.

فَصْلٌۭ — decisive
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative adjective of قَوْلٌۭ.

5. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 14

وَمَا هُوَ بِٱلْهَزْلِ
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates and مَا negates. هُوَ is the noun/topic, while بِٱلْهَزْلِ supplies the predicate; its بِ reinforces the negation.

Ayah summary
It is not a matter of jest but a truthful announcement.

وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا negates.

هُوَ — it
Grammar: A detached third-person masculine-singular pronoun functioning as the noun of مَا or as the topic, in one recognized grammatical reading.

بِٱلْهَزْلِ — (is) for amusement
Grammar: بِ is an extra preposition reinforcing negation, ٱل the definite article, and هَزْلِ genitive in form while the phrase supplies the predicate.

6. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 15

إِنَّهُمْ يَكِيدُونَ كَيْدًۭا
Sentence structure
Attached هُمْ is the noun of إِنَّ. يَكِيدُونَ is its verbal predicate: attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative. كَيْدًۭا is a cognate accusative.

Ayah summary
The deniers continue to scheme against the truth.

إِنَّهُمْ — Indeed, they
Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle and attached هُمْ its third-person masculine-plural noun.

يَكِيدُونَ — are plotting
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural indicative imperfect forming the predicate of إِنَّ. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.

كَيْدًۭا — a plot
Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as the cognate accusative of يَكِيدُونَ.

7. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 16

وَأَكِيدُ كَيْدًۭا
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates. أَكِيدُ is a first-person singular indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنَا. كَيْدًۭا is its cognate accusative.

Ayah summary
Allah plans to bring their schemes to failure.

وَأَكِيدُ — But I am planning
Grammar: وَ coordinates; أَكِيدُ is a first-person singular indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنَا.

كَيْدًۭا — a plan
Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as the cognate accusative of أَكِيدُ.

8. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 17

فَمَهِّلِ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ أَمْهِلْهُمْ رُوَيْدًۢا
Sentence structure
فَ resumes. مَهِّلِ is a Form II imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ, and ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ its object. أَمْهِلْهُمْ is a Form IV imperative with attached object هُمْ; رُوَيْدًۢا emphasizes the respite.

Ayah summary
The Prophet ﷺ is instructed to grant the deniers a brief respite and not hasten against them.

فَمَهِّلِ — So give respite
Grammar: فَ resumes; مَهِّلِ is a second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ. Its final kasra avoids two consonants meeting.

ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ — (to) the disbelievers
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; كَـٰفِرِينَ is a masculine-plural active participle functioning as the object, accusative with yāʾ.

أَمْهِلْهُمْ — Give respite to them
Grammar: أَمْهِلْ is a second-person masculine-singular Form IV imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ; attached هُمْ is its third-person masculine-plural object.

رُوَيْدًۢا — little
Grammar: An indefinite accusative diminutive adjective standing in for an omitted cognate-accusative phrase; the understood sense is a slight respite.