Surah At-Tariq — Part 2

Ayahs 10–17 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah At-Tariq — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 10

فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن قُوَّةٍۢ وَلَا نَاصِرٍۢ Sentence structure فَ resumes and مَا negates. لَهُۥ is the fronted predicate; مِن reinforces the negation before قُوَّةٍۢ. وَلَا نَاصِرٍۢ is coordinated in the same negative construction. Ayah summary On that day, a person will have neither power of his own nor any helper. فَمَا — Then not Grammar: فَ resumes and مَا is a non-governing negative particle. لَهُۥ — (is) for him Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُۥ its third-person masculine-singular genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate. مِن — any Grammar: An extra preposition reinforcing the preceding negation and governing قُوَّةٍۢ in form. قُوَّةٍۢ — power Grammar: An indefinite feminine-singular noun, genitive in form after extra مِن and nominative in syntactic position as the delayed topic. وَلَا — and not Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا reinforces the negation. نَاصِرٍۢ — any helper Grammar: An indefinite genitive active participle coordinated with قُوَّةٍۢ.

2. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 11

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجْعِ Sentence structure وَ is the oath preposition and ٱلسَّمَآءِ its genitive oath noun. ذَاتِ is a genitive adjective annexed to ٱلرَّجْعِ. Ayah summary Allah swears by the sky that repeatedly returns rain. وَٱلسَّمَآءِ — By the sky Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition, ٱل the definite article, and سَّمَآءِ the genitive oath noun. ذَاتِ — which Grammar: A feminine-singular genitive adjective of ٱلسَّمَآءِ, annexed to ٱلرَّجْعِ. ٱلرَّجْعِ — returns Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; رَّجْعِ is the genitive complement of ذَاتِ.

3. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 12

وَٱلْأَرْضِ ذَاتِ ٱلصَّدْعِ Sentence structure وَٱلْأَرْضِ is coordinated with the preceding genitive oath noun. ذَاتِ is its genitive adjective and is annexed to ٱلصَّدْعِ. Ayah summary And by the earth that splits open for vegetation to emerge. وَٱلْأَرْضِ — And the earth Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and أَرْضِ is a genitive noun coordinated with ٱلسَّمَآءِ. ذَاتِ — which Grammar: A feminine-singular genitive adjective of ٱلْأَرْضِ, annexed to ٱلصَّدْعِ. ٱلصَّدْعِ — cracks open Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; صَّدْعِ is the genitive complement of ذَاتِ.

4. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 13

إِنَّهُۥ لَقَوْلٌۭ فَصْلٌۭ Sentence structure The complete clause is the response to the preceding oath. Attached هُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ. In لَقَوْلٌۭ, لَ is emphatic and قَوْلٌۭ the nominative predicate; فَصْلٌۭ is its matching adjective. Ayah summary The Qur’an is a decisive word that distinguishes truth from falsehood. إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed, it Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle and attached هُۥ its third-person masculine-singular noun. لَقَوْلٌۭ — (is) surely a Word Grammar: لَ is the emphatic lām; قَوْلٌۭ is an indefinite nominative verbal noun functioning as the predicate of إِنَّ. فَصْلٌۭ — decisive Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative adjective of قَوْلٌۭ.

5. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 14

وَمَا هُوَ بِٱلْهَزْلِ Sentence structure وَ coordinates and مَا negates. هُوَ is the noun/topic, while بِٱلْهَزْلِ supplies the predicate; its بِ reinforces the negation. Ayah summary It is not a matter of jest but a truthful announcement. وَمَا — And not Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا negates. هُوَ — it Grammar: A detached third-person masculine-singular pronoun functioning as the noun of مَا or as the topic, in one recognized grammatical reading. بِٱلْهَزْلِ — (is) for amusement Grammar: بِ is an extra preposition reinforcing negation, ٱل the definite article, and هَزْلِ genitive in form while the phrase supplies the predicate.

6. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 15

إِنَّهُمْ يَكِيدُونَ كَيْدًۭا Sentence structure Attached هُمْ is the noun of إِنَّ. يَكِيدُونَ is its verbal predicate: attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative. كَيْدًۭا is a cognate accusative. Ayah summary The deniers continue to scheme against the truth. إِنَّهُمْ — Indeed, they Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative/emphatic particle and attached هُمْ its third-person masculine-plural noun. يَكِيدُونَ — are plotting Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural indicative imperfect forming the predicate of إِنَّ. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative. كَيْدًۭا — a plot Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as the cognate accusative of يَكِيدُونَ.

7. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 16

وَأَكِيدُ كَيْدًۭا Sentence structure وَ coordinates. أَكِيدُ is a first-person singular indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنَا. كَيْدًۭا is its cognate accusative. Ayah summary Allah plans to bring their schemes to failure. وَأَكِيدُ — But I am planning Grammar: وَ coordinates; أَكِيدُ is a first-person singular indicative imperfect with understood subject أَنَا. كَيْدًۭا — a plan Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as the cognate accusative of أَكِيدُ.

8. Surah At-Tariq · Ayah 17

فَمَهِّلِ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ أَمْهِلْهُمْ رُوَيْدًۢا Sentence structure فَ resumes. مَهِّلِ is a Form II imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ, and ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ its object. أَمْهِلْهُمْ is a Form IV imperative with attached object هُمْ; رُوَيْدًۢا emphasizes the respite. Ayah summary The Prophet ﷺ is instructed to grant the deniers a brief respite and not hasten against them. فَمَهِّلِ — So give respite Grammar: فَ resumes; مَهِّلِ is a second-person masculine-singular Form II imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ. Its final kasra avoids two consonants meeting. ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ — (to) the disbelievers Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; كَـٰفِرِينَ is a masculine-plural active participle functioning as the object, accusative with yāʾ. أَمْهِلْهُمْ — Give respite to them Grammar: أَمْهِلْ is a second-person masculine-singular Form IV imperative with understood subject أَنْتَ; attached هُمْ is its third-person masculine-plural object. رُوَيْدًۢا — little Grammar: An indefinite accusative diminutive adjective standing in for an omitted cognate-accusative phrase; the understood sense is a slight respite.

Practice questions

Question 1

فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن قُوَّةٍۢ وَلَا نَاصِرٍۢ ۝١٠ What does مِن do in مِن قُوَّةٍۢ?

  • Begins an oath
  • Reinforces the negation
  • Makes a command
  • Introduces a question

Question 2

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجْعِ ۝١١ What is ذَاتِ with ٱلسَّمَآءِ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Genitive adjective
  • Predicate

Question 3

وَٱلْأَرْضِ ذَاتِ ٱلصَّدْعِ ۝١٢ What is ٱلصَّدْعِ after ذَاتِ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement

Question 4

إِنَّهُۥ لَقَوْلٌۭ فَصْلٌۭ ۝١٣ What is قَوْلٌۭ in إِنَّهُۥ لَقَوْلٌۭ?

  • Nominative predicate of إِنَّ
  • Object
  • Subject
  • Genitive complement

Question 5

وَمَا هُوَ بِٱلْهَزْلِ ۝١٤ What role does بِٱلْهَزْلِ supply?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Adjective

Question 6

إِنَّهُمْ يَكِيدُونَ كَيْدًۭا ۝١٥ What does final ن mark in يَكِيدُونَ?

  • Accusative
  • Jussive
  • Indicative
  • Past tense

Question 7

وَأَكِيدُ كَيْدًۭا ۝١٦ What is the understood subject of أَكِيدُ?

  • هُوَ
  • أَنْتَ
  • نَحْنُ
  • أَنَا

Question 8

فَمَهِّلِ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ أَمْهِلْهُمْ رُوَيْدًۢا ۝١٧ What is ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ with مَهِّلِ?

  • Accusative object
  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Genitive adjective

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