Surah At-Tin — Part 1

1. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 1

وَٱلتِّينِ وَٱلزَّيْتُونِ ۝١
Sentence structure
وَٱلتِّينِ is a genitive oath phrase. وَٱلزَّيْتُونِ is coordinated with it and is likewise genitive.

Ayah summary
Allah swears by the fig and the olive.

وَٱلتِّينِ — By the fig
Grammar: وَ is the oath preposition; the defined masculine noun is genitive. The oath phrase is linked to an omitted oath verb.

وَٱلزَّيْتُونِ — and the olive
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined masculine noun is genitive like the preceding oath noun.

2. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 2

وَطُورِ سِينِينَ ۝٢
Sentence structure
وَطُورِ is coordinated as another genitive oath noun and is annexed to سِينِينَ, its genitive complement.

Ayah summary
And Allah swears by Mount Sinai.

وَطُورِ — And Mount
Grammar: وَ coordinates/oath-links; طُورِ is a masculine genitive noun annexed onward.

سِينِينَ — Sinai
Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the genitive complement of طُورِ.

3. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 3

وَهَـٰذَا ٱلْبَلَدِ ٱلْأَمِينِ ۝٣
Sentence structure
وَ continues the oath; هَـٰذَا is a demonstrative, ٱلْبَلَدِ its appositional specification, and ٱلْأَمِينِ a genitive adjective.

Ayah summary
And He swears by the secure city of Makkah.

وَهَـٰذَا — And this
Grammar: وَ continues the oath and هَـٰذَا is a masculine-singular demonstrative.

ٱلْبَلَدِ — the city
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive noun in apposition/specification to هَـٰذَا.

ٱلْأَمِينِ — the secure
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive adjective describing ٱلْبَلَدِ.

4. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 4

لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ فِىٓ أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ ۝٤
Sentence structure
لَ emphasizes and قَدْ confirms the perfect خَلَقْنَا; نَا is subject and ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ object. فِىٓ أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ is linked to the verb through a genitive annexation.

Ayah summary
Allah created the human being in the finest form and with excellent abilities.

لَقَدْ — Indeed
Grammar: لَ emphasizes and قَدْ confirms the following perfect.

خَلَقْنَا — We created
Grammar: A perfect with attached first-person-plural subject نَا.

ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ — the human
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative object of خَلَقْنَا.

فِىٓ — in
Grammar: A preposition introducing the following phrase. This phrase is linked to «خَلَقْ».

أَحْسَنِ — the best
Grammar: A masculine genitive elative noun after فِىٓ, annexed to the next noun.

تَقْوِيمٍۢ — form
Grammar: A masculine indefinite genitive complement of أَحْسَنِ.

5. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 5

ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَـٰهُ أَسْفَلَ سَـٰفِلِينَ ۝٥
Sentence structure
ثُمَّ coordinates with sequence. رَدَدْنَـٰهُ has attached subject نَا and object هُ. أَسْفَلَ سَـٰفِلِينَ is linked to the verb as an annexed expression.

Ayah summary
Then denial and evil conduct bring the human being down to the lowest state.

ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: A coordinating particle indicating sequence with delay.

رَدَدْنَـٰهُ — We returned him
Grammar: A perfect with attached subject نَا and masculine-singular object هُ.

أَسْفَلَ — the lowest
Grammar: A masculine accusative elative expression linked to رَدَدْنَـٰهُ and annexed onward.

سَـٰفِلِينَ — of the low
Grammar: A masculine-plural genitive complement of أَسْفَلَ.

6. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 6

إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ ۝٦
Sentence structure
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ introduces the exception; ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ form its relative clause with plural subjects, and ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is object. فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ is a nominal result clause; غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ describes the reward through annexation.

Ayah summary
But those who believe and do righteous deeds will have a reward that never ends.

إِلَّا — Except
Grammar: A particle introducing the exception.

ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative noun forming the excepted group; its relative clause follows.

ءَامَنُوا۟ — believed
Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural perfect; attached وا is the subject.

وَعَمِلُوا۟ — and did
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the masculine-plural perfect has attached subject وا.

ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ — righteous deeds
Grammar: A defined feminine-plural accusative object of عَمِلُوا۟.

فَلَهُمْ — then for them
Grammar: فَ introduces the result; لِ is a preposition and هُمْ a plural genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate.

أَجْرٌ — a reward
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative delayed subject.

غَيْرُ — unending
Grammar: A masculine nominative appositional descriptor of أَجْرٌ, annexed onward.

مَمْنُونٍۢ — ending
Grammar: A masculine genitive passive participle, the complement of غَيْرُ.

7. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 7

فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِٱلدِّينِ ۝٧
Sentence structure
فَ connects and مَا is interrogative. يُكَذِّبُكَ is Form II with understood subject هُوَ and attached object كَ; بَعْدُ and بِٱلدِّينِ are linked to the verb.

Ayah summary
After these clear proofs, there is no reason to deny recompense and judgment.

فَمَا — Then what
Grammar: فَ connects and مَا is an interrogative noun linked to the following verb.

يُكَذِّبُكَ — causes you to deny
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular imperfect with understood subject هُوَ and attached object كَ.

بَعْدُ — afterwards
Grammar: An adverb linked to يُكَذِّبُكَ, built on ḍamma because its complement is omitted but understood.

بِٱلدِّينِ — the judgment
Grammar: بِ is a preposition; the defined masculine noun is genitive and the phrase links to the verb. This phrase is linked to «يُكَذِّبُ».

8. Surah At-Tin · Ayah 8

أَلَيْسَ ٱللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ ٱلْحَـٰكِمِينَ ۝٨
Sentence structure
Interrogative أَ precedes negative incomplete verb لَيْسَ. ٱللَّهُ is its nominative noun; بِأَحْكَمِ ٱلْحَـٰكِمِينَ is the predicate phrase with a genitive annexation.

Ayah summary
Surely Allah is the greatest and wisest of all judges.

أَلَيْسَ — Is not
Grammar: أَ is interrogative and لَيْسَ a negative incomplete past verb.

ٱللَّهُ — Allah
Grammar: A proper noun functioning as the nominative noun of لَيْسَ.

بِأَحْكَمِ — the wisest judge
Grammar: بِ is the extra preposition in the predicate; أَحْكَمِ is a masculine genitive elative noun, locally the predicate, annexed onward.

ٱلْحَـٰكِمِينَ — of the judges
Grammar: A defined masculine-plural genitive complement of أَحْكَمِ.