Ayahs 1–8 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Az-Zalzalah — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 1
إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا ١
Sentence structure
إِذَا opens a future time-condition. Passive زُلْزِلَتِ has ٱلْأَرْضُ as deputy subject, while زِلْزَالَهَا is a cognate accusative with possessive هَا.
Ayah summary
On the Day of Judgment, the earth will be shaken with its mighty earthquake.
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A future time adverb carrying conditional force.
زُلْزِلَتِ — is shaken
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular passive perfect.
ٱلْأَرْضُ — the earth
Grammar: A defined feminine nominative deputy subject of the passive verb.
زِلْزَالَهَا — with its shaking
Grammar: A masculine accusative cognate object; attached هَا is possessive.
2. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 2
وَأَخْرَجَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَا ٢
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates the clause. أَخْرَجَتِ is a perfect verb, ٱلْأَرْضُ its subject and أَثْقَالَهَا its object with possessive هَا.
Ayah summary
The earth will bring out all the burdens within it.
وَأَخْرَجَتِ — and brings out
Grammar: وَ coordinates; a third-person feminine-singular Form IV perfect.
ٱلْأَرْضُ — the earth
Grammar: A defined feminine nominative subject.
أَثْقَالَهَا — its burdens
Grammar: A masculine-plural accusative object; attached هَا is possessive.
3. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 3
وَقَالَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا لَهَا ٣
Sentence structure
وَقَالَ is a coordinated perfect verb and ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ its subject. Interrogative مَا introduces the quoted question; لَهَا completes its predicate expression.
Ayah summary
The human being will ask in astonishment what has happened to the earth.
وَقَالَ — and says
Grammar: وَ coordinates; a third-person masculine-singular perfect.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — the human being
Grammar: A defined masculine nominative subject of قَالَ.
مَا — what
Grammar: An interrogative noun; its predicate is omitted.
لَهَا — is wrong with it
Grammar: A preposition with a feminine-singular genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of مَا.
4. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 4
يَوْمَئِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا ٤
Sentence structure
يَوْمَئِذٍ is a time adverb linked to تُحَدِّثُ. The Form II imperfect has an understood feminine subject referring to the earth; أَخْبَارَهَا is its object.
Ayah summary
On that day, the earth will recount its events.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day
Grammar: An accusative time adverb annexed to إِذٍ and linked to تُحَدِّثُ.
تُحَدِّثُ — it will report
Grammar: A Form II third-person feminine-singular imperfect with understood subject.
أَخْبَارَهَا — its news
Grammar: A masculine-plural accusative object; هَا is possessive.
5. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 5
بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا ٥
Sentence structure
بِأَنَّ consists of preposition بِ and accusative particle أَنَّ. رَبَّكَ is its accusative noun, and the clause أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا is its predicate.
Ayah summary
It will reveal people's deeds because your Lord will command it to do so.
بِأَنَّ — because
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and أَنَّ an accusative particle; the construction beginning here is linked to تُحَدِّثُ.
رَبَّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: The accusative noun of أَنَّ; attached كَ is possessive.
أَوْحَىٰ — commanded
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject; its clause is the predicate of أَنَّ.
لَهَا — to it
Grammar: A preposition with feminine-singular genitive pronoun linked to أَوْحَىٰ.
6. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 6
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ ٱلنَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا لِّيُرَوْا۟ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ ٦
Sentence structure
يَوْمَئِذٍ is linked to يَصْدُرُ, whose subject is ٱلنَّاسُ. أَشْتَاتًا is an accusative circumstance. Purpose لِ makes passive يُرَوْا۟ subjunctive; plural وا is deputy subject and أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ is object.
Ayah summary
On that day, people will appear in separate groups so that their deeds may be shown to them.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day
Grammar: An accusative time adverb linked to يَصْدُرُ.
يَصْدُرُ — will depart
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect whose plural subject follows explicitly.
ٱلنَّاسُ — the people
Grammar: A defined plural nominative subject of يَصْدُرُ.
أَشْتَاتًۭا — in scattered groups
Grammar: An indefinite plural accusative circumstance.
لِّيُرَوْا۟ — so that they may be shown
Grammar: Purpose لِ governs a Form IV passive masculine-plural subjunctive; وا is deputy subject, and the purpose clause is linked to يَصْدُرُ.
أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ — their deeds
Grammar: A masculine-plural accusative object; attached هُمْ is possessive.
7. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 7
فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُۥ ٧
Sentence structure
فَ resumes the conclusion. Conditional مَن is followed by jussive condition verb يَعْمَلْ and jussive result يَرَهُۥ. مِثْقَالَ is the object, ذَرَّةٍ its genitive complement and خَيْرًا an accusative specification.
Ayah summary
Whoever has done an atom's weight of good will see it.
فَمَن — so whoever
Grammar: فَ resumes the conclusion and مَن is a conditional noun.
يَعْمَلْ — does
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular jussive imperfect, the condition verb; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
مِثْقَالَ — the weight
Grammar: A masculine accusative object, annexed onward.
ذَرَّةٍ — of a speck
Grammar: A feminine indefinite genitive complement of مِثْقَالَ.
خَيْرًۭا — good
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative specification of مِثْقَالَ.
يَرَهُۥ — will see it
Grammar: A jussive third-person masculine-singular imperfect, the result of the condition; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ», and attached هُ is its object.
8. Surah Az-Zalzalah · Ayah 8
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُۥ ٨
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates a parallel condition. مَن governs jussive يَعْمَلْ as condition and يَرَهُۥ as result. مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ is an annexation, and شَرًّا is an accusative specification.
Ayah summary
And whoever has done an atom's weight of evil will also see it.
وَمَن — and whoever
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَن is a conditional noun.
يَعْمَلْ — does
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular jussive imperfect, the condition verb; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
مِثْقَالَ — the weight
Grammar: A masculine accusative object, annexed onward.
ذَرَّةٍۢ — of a speck
Grammar: A feminine indefinite genitive complement of مِثْقَالَ.
شَرًّۭا — evil
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative specification of مِثْقَالَ.
يَرَهُۥ — will see it
Grammar: A jussive third-person masculine-singular imperfect, the result of the condition; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ», and attached هُ is its object.