Surah Quraysh — Part 1

Ayahs 1–4 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Quraysh — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 1

لِإِيلَـٰفِ قُرَيْشٍ ۝١ Sentence structure لِ governs the Form IV verbal noun إِيلَـٰفِ, which is annexed to the proper noun قُرَيْشٍ. The opening construction continues into the next ayah. Ayah summary Quraysh were granted an accustomed way of life. لِإِيلَـٰفِ — For (the) familiarity Grammar: Preposition لِ governs the Form IV verbal noun إِيلَـٰفِ; the phrase is linked across the ayahs to فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟. قُرَيْشٍ — (of the) Quraish Grammar: A genitive proper noun functioning as the complement of إِيلَـٰفِ.

2. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 2

إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ ۝٢ Sentence structure إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ is a genitive apposition to the preceding إِيلَـٰفِ. As a verbal noun it governs accusative رِحْلَةَ, whose genitive complement is ٱلشِّتَآءِ; وَٱلصَّيْفِ is coordinated to it. Ayah summary They were accustomed to the journeys of winter and summer. إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ — Their familiarity Grammar: A masculine genitive Form IV verbal noun in apposition to the preceding إِيلَـٰفِ; attached هِمْ is its possessive pronoun. رِحْلَةَ — (with the) journey Grammar: A feminine accusative object governed by the verbal noun إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ, and annexed to the next noun. ٱلشِّتَآءِ — (of) winter Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of رِحْلَةَ. وَٱلصَّيْفِ — and summer Grammar: وَ coordinates the defined masculine genitive noun ٱلصَّيْفِ to ٱلشِّتَآءِ.

3. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 3

فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟ رَبَّ هَـٰذَا ٱلْبَيْتِ ۝٣ Sentence structure فَ connects the command, and imperative لْ makes يَعْبُدُوا۟ jussive. The visible plural وا۟ is its subject. رَبَّ is the accusative object, هَـٰذَا is its genitive complement, and ٱلْبَيْتِ is a genitive apposition to the demonstrative. Ayah summary Therefore, they should worship the Lord of this House. فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟ — So let them worship Grammar: فَ connects; imperative لْ makes the third-person masculine-plural imperfect يَعْبُدُوا۟ jussive. Visible وا۟ is the subject, and the final nūn of the five-verbs pattern is omitted in jazm. رَبَّ — (the) Lord Grammar: A masculine accusative object of يَعْبُدُوا۟, annexed to the following demonstrative. هَـٰذَا — (of) this Grammar: A masculine-singular demonstrative, indeclinable in the genitive position as complement of رَبَّ. ٱلْبَيْتِ — House Grammar: A defined masculine genitive apposition to the demonstrative هَـٰذَا.

4. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 4

ٱلَّذِىٓ أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍۭ ۝٤ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِىٓ begins a relative clause describing the Lord named in the preceding ayah. Form IV perfect أَطْعَمَهُم has attached object هُم and linked phrase مِّن جُوعٍۢ. Coordinated Form IV perfect وَءَامَنَهُم likewise has attached object هُم and linked phrase مِّنْ خَوْفٍۭ. Ayah summary That Lord fed them against hunger and gave them safety from fear. ٱلَّذِىٓ — The One Who Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun beginning the relative clause that describes the Lord named previously. أَطْعَمَهُم — feeds them Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached masculine-plural هُم is its object. مِّن — [from] Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun and linked to أَطْعَمَهُم. جُوعٍۢ — (against) hunger Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive noun governed by مِّن. وَءَامَنَهُم — and gives them security Grammar: وَ coordinates a Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect ءَامَنَ, whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached هُم is its object. مِّنْ — from Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun and linked to ءَامَنَهُم. خَوْفٍۭ — fear Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive noun governed by مِّنْ.

Practice questions

Question 1

لِإِيلَـٰفِ قُرَيْشٍ ۝١ What is the role of قُرَيْشٍ?

  • Genitive complement of إِيلَـٰفِ
  • Nominative subject
  • Accusative object
  • Adjective

Question 2

إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ ۝٢ What is the role of رِحْلَةَ?

  • Nominative subject
  • Accusative object governed by إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ
  • Genitive adjective
  • Preposition

Question 3

فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟ رَبَّ هَـٰذَا ٱلْبَيْتِ ۝٣ What is لْ in فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟?

  • Definite article
  • Preposition
  • Imperative lām making the verb jussive
  • Negative particle

Question 4

ٱلَّذِىٓ أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍۭ ۝٤ What is attached هُم in أَطْعَمَهُم?

  • Subject pronoun
  • Genitive possessive pronoun
  • Relative pronoun
  • Accusative object pronoun

Open the interactive quiz