Ayahs 1–4 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Quraysh — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 1
لِإِيلَـٰفِ قُرَيْشٍ ١
Sentence structure
لِ governs the Form IV verbal noun إِيلَـٰفِ, which is annexed to the proper noun قُرَيْشٍ. The opening construction continues into the next ayah.
Ayah summary
Quraysh were granted an accustomed way of life.
لِإِيلَـٰفِ — For (the) familiarity
Grammar: Preposition لِ governs the Form IV verbal noun إِيلَـٰفِ; the phrase is linked across the ayahs to فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟.
قُرَيْشٍ — (of the) Quraish
Grammar: A genitive proper noun functioning as the complement of إِيلَـٰفِ.
2. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 2
إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ ٢
Sentence structure
إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ is a genitive apposition to the preceding إِيلَـٰفِ. As a verbal noun it governs accusative رِحْلَةَ, whose genitive complement is ٱلشِّتَآءِ; وَٱلصَّيْفِ is coordinated to it.
Ayah summary
They were accustomed to the journeys of winter and summer.
إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ — Their familiarity
Grammar: A masculine genitive Form IV verbal noun in apposition to the preceding إِيلَـٰفِ; attached هِمْ is its possessive pronoun.
رِحْلَةَ — (with the) journey
Grammar: A feminine accusative object governed by the verbal noun إِۦلَـٰفِهِمْ, and annexed to the next noun.
ٱلشِّتَآءِ — (of) winter
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of رِحْلَةَ.
وَٱلصَّيْفِ — and summer
Grammar: وَ coordinates the defined masculine genitive noun ٱلصَّيْفِ to ٱلشِّتَآءِ.
3. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 3
فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟ رَبَّ هَـٰذَا ٱلْبَيْتِ ٣
Sentence structure
فَ connects the command, and imperative لْ makes يَعْبُدُوا۟ jussive. The visible plural وا۟ is its subject. رَبَّ is the accusative object, هَـٰذَا is its genitive complement, and ٱلْبَيْتِ is a genitive apposition to the demonstrative.
Ayah summary
Therefore, they should worship the Lord of this House.
فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟ — So let them worship
Grammar: فَ connects; imperative لْ makes the third-person masculine-plural imperfect يَعْبُدُوا۟ jussive. Visible وا۟ is the subject, and the final nūn of the five-verbs pattern is omitted in jazm.
رَبَّ — (the) Lord
Grammar: A masculine accusative object of يَعْبُدُوا۟, annexed to the following demonstrative.
هَـٰذَا — (of) this
Grammar: A masculine-singular demonstrative, indeclinable in the genitive position as complement of رَبَّ.
ٱلْبَيْتِ — House
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive apposition to the demonstrative هَـٰذَا.
4. Surah Quraysh · Ayah 4
ٱلَّذِىٓ أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍۭ ٤
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِىٓ begins a relative clause describing the Lord named in the preceding ayah. Form IV perfect أَطْعَمَهُم has attached object هُم and linked phrase مِّن جُوعٍۢ. Coordinated Form IV perfect وَءَامَنَهُم likewise has attached object هُم and linked phrase مِّنْ خَوْفٍۭ.
Ayah summary
That Lord fed them against hunger and gave them safety from fear.
ٱلَّذِىٓ — The One Who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun beginning the relative clause that describes the Lord named previously.
أَطْعَمَهُم — feeds them
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached masculine-plural هُم is its object.
مِّن — [from]
Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun and linked to أَطْعَمَهُم.
جُوعٍۢ — (against) hunger
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive noun governed by مِّن.
وَءَامَنَهُم — and gives them security
Grammar: وَ coordinates a Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect ءَامَنَ, whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ»; attached هُم is its object.
مِّنْ — from
Grammar: A preposition governing the following noun and linked to ءَامَنَهُم.
خَوْفٍۭ — fear
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive noun governed by مِّنْ.