LessonsAuthority of a Solitary Report: Four Legal ContextsQuiz

1. «خالص حق الله تعالى ما ليس بعقوبة»
A right belonging purely to Allah that is not a punishment.

2. «وخالص حق العبد ما فيه إلزام محض»
A purely private right entailing full legal compulsion.

3. «وخالص حقه ما ليس فيه إلزام»
A purely private right without such compulsion.

4. «وخالص حقه ما فيه إلزام من وجه»
A private right that entails compulsion in one respect but not another.

The governing distinction is the operation of the report: does it guide conduct, settle a contested claim, facilitate an everyday dealing, or terminate an existing power? These produce distinct proof requirements.

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The four categories at a glance

Authority of a Solitary Report: Four Legal Contexts

1. «خالص حق الله تعالى ما ليس بعقوبة»
A right belonging purely to Allah that is not a punishment.

2. «وخالص حق العبد ما فيه إلزام محض»
A purely private right entailing full legal compulsion.

3. «وخالص حقه ما ليس فيه إلزام»
A purely private right without such compulsion.

4. «وخالص حقه ما فيه إلزام من وجه»
A private right that entails compulsion in one respect but not another.

The governing distinction is the operation of the report: does it guide conduct, settle a contested claim, facilitate an everyday dealing, or terminate an existing power? These produce distinct proof requirements.