Case 1: A qualifying person reports the Ramadan crescent. This concerns a divine right without punishment, not the formal witness complement for disputed property.
Case 2: Amr claims property possessed by Zayd. If the judgment would bind Zayd adversely, the rules for adversarial testimony apply.
Case 3: A person offers an item as a gift. This is ordinary transactional information unless an established third-party right or dispute intervenes.
Case 4: An agent learns that the agency has been revoked. Because the information stops future acts under the agency, it belongs to the partially compelling category.
All four involve a report, but its legal function differs.