LessonsComprehensive Review and Applied Reasoning in Usul al-FiqhQuiz

Ibarat al-nass yields what the text directly expresses in its intended statement. Isharat al-nass yields a necessary implication of its wording, even if it was not the primary purpose of the passage.

Dalalat al-nass carries a plainly understood meaning to another case without constructing an independent analogical cause. Prohibition of saying “uff” to parents, for example, implies prohibition of greater harm.

Iqtida' al-nass requires an unstated meaning to make the statement legally or rationally coherent. The implied element is supplied only to the extent required.

Thus one must distinguish direct statement, necessary implication, plain linguistic extension and indispensable supplementation of meaning.

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Four ways a text yields a ruling

Comprehensive Review and Applied Reasoning in Usul al-Fiqh

Ibarat al-nass yields what the text directly expresses in its intended statement. Isharat al-nass yields a necessary implication of its wording, even if it was not the primary purpose of the passage.

Dalalat al-nass carries a plainly understood meaning to another case without constructing an independent analogical cause. Prohibition of saying “uff” to parents, for example, implies prohibition of greater harm.

Iqtida' al-nass requires an unstated meaning to make the statement legally or rationally coherent. The implied element is supplied only to the extent required.

Thus one must distinguish direct statement, necessary implication, plain linguistic extension and indispensable supplementation of meaning.