LessonsDegrees of Indication: Ẓāhir, Naṣṣ, Mufassar, Muḥkam and Obscure ExpressionsQuiz

وحكم المفسر والمحكم: لزوم العمل بهما لا محالة.
The established indication of both mufassar and muḥkam must be followed.

The relevant possibilities of specification and reinterpretation have already been removed by the additional explanation. A reader cannot simply reopen those same possibilities without a valid basis. Nevertheless, classical discussions distinguish mufassar from muḥkam: historically, the possibility of abrogation can still be discussed for mufassar, while muḥkam excludes it.

Example: once a text explicitly says “all the angels,” unsupported speculation that it meant only some does not defeat its clarification.

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Legal force of mufassar

Degrees of Indication: Ẓāhir, Naṣṣ, Mufassar, Muḥkam and Obscure Expressions

وحكم المفسر والمحكم: لزوم العمل بهما لا محالة.
The established indication of both mufassar and muḥkam must be followed.

The relevant possibilities of specification and reinterpretation have already been removed by the additional explanation. A reader cannot simply reopen those same possibilities without a valid basis. Nevertheless, classical discussions distinguish mufassar from muḥkam: historically, the possibility of abrogation can still be discussed for mufassar, while muḥkam excludes it.

Example: once a text explicitly says “all the angels,” unsupported speculation that it meant only some does not defeat its clarification.