LessonsDegrees of Indication: Ẓāhir, Naṣṣ, Mufassar, Muḥkam and Obscure ExpressionsQuiz

ثم هذه الأربعة أربعة أخرى تقابلها
Four other classes stand opposite the preceding four.

Khafī: the general expression is clear, but its application to a particular case is obscured by an external feature.
Mushkil: stronger difficulty in identifying the intended meaning, resolved through careful inquiry and interpretation.
Mujmal: the intended one of several possibilities is not determinable from the wording alone and requires the speaker’s clarification.
Mutashābih: obscurity of the highest order, whose full intended reality cannot be determined by ordinary inference.

The key is to identify the reason for obscurity and the proper method of dealing with it.

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The four opposing forms of obscurity

Degrees of Indication: Ẓāhir, Naṣṣ, Mufassar, Muḥkam and Obscure Expressions

ثم هذه الأربعة أربعة أخرى تقابلها
Four other classes stand opposite the preceding four.

Khafī: the general expression is clear, but its application to a particular case is obscured by an external feature.
Mushkil: stronger difficulty in identifying the intended meaning, resolved through careful inquiry and interpretation.
Mujmal: the intended one of several possibilities is not determinable from the wording alone and requires the speaker’s clarification.
Mutashābih: obscurity of the highest order, whose full intended reality cannot be determined by ordinary inference.

The key is to identify the reason for obscurity and the proper method of dealing with it.