«ودفع القياس يكون بثمانية أوجه»
An analogy can be challenged in eight ways.
1. Mumanaah (refusal to concede)
2. Qawl bi-mujib al-illah (accepting the cause, disputing its claimed result)
3. Qalb (reversing the argument)
4. Aks (counter-reversal)
5. Fasad al-wad (unsuitability of the proposed cause)
6. Farq (material distinction)
7. Naqd (counterexample)
8. Muaradah (opposing proof)
Each targets a different weakness in the analogy, rather than being a mere debating label.
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Effective Cause, Occasion, Condition, Impediment and Challenges to Qiyas
«ودفع القياس يكون بثمانية أوجه»
An analogy can be challenged in eight ways.
1. Mumanaah (refusal to concede)
2. Qawl bi-mujib al-illah (accepting the cause, disputing its claimed result)
3. Qalb (reversing the argument)
4. Aks (counter-reversal)
5. Fasad al-wad (unsuitability of the proposed cause)
6. Farq (material distinction)
7. Naqd (counterexample)
8. Muaradah (opposing proof)
Each targets a different weakness in the analogy, rather than being a mere debating label.