«المعارضة: هي إقامة الدليل على خلاف ما أقام عليه الخصم الدليل»
Muaradah brings an opposing proof against the proof advanced by the other party.
The text presents a dispute over wiping the head in wudu. One analogy emphasizes washing; the counter-analogy draws on other cases of wiping, such as wiping over footgear or dry ablution. The question becomes which proof best accounts for the legally relevant cause and texts.
Together the eight challenges test the proposed cause, original ruling, relation between cases, fitness of the inference, and opposing evidence. The next section begins the classification of prescribed rulings.