Example: «لِفُلَانٍ عَلَيَّ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ مِنْ نَقْدِ بُخَارَى»
“I owe so-and-so ten dirhams of the currency of Bukhara.”
The addition “of the currency of Bukhara” explicitly specifies what the word dirhams denotes. The interpreter no longer has to infer a currency solely from what happens to prevail locally. The speaker has resolved the ambiguity.
Mushtarak: a word assigned different meanings; all are not automatically intended in one use.
Muʾawwal: a sense favored by reasoned evidence, obligatory for practice while an error remains possible.
Mufassar: a sense made clear by the speaker's own statement, giving certainty about the intended meaning.
The next chapter turns to literal and figurative usage, a different dimension of linguistic interpretation.